广西西江流域土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 00:32

【摘要】：土地是最基本的自然资源,是人类社会活动赖以生存和发展的保障,也是社会发展必不可少的物质基础。在“人口—资源—环境—社会—发展”这个复杂的系统中,土地资源处于最关键的基础地位。人类在利用土地发展经济的同时,也对自然资源结构产生了巨大影响。广西西江流域地处我国亚热带湿润季风气候区,它汇集广西内河南盘江、红水河、黔江、浔江、郁江、柳江、桂江以及贺江等河流于西江,经珠江三角洲从香港地区入海。同时处于云贵高原向东南沿海丘陵过渡带与西南欠发达地区向东南发达地区过渡带以及面向东盟的重要门户,广西西江流域具有特殊的自然区位和经济区位。随着国家西部大开发战略持续深入以及《国务院关于进一步促进广西经济社会发展的若干意见》的实施,广西西江流域经济区位得到了极大提升,区域社会经济快速发展,土地利用格局发生了重大变化,也使得区域生态功能发生反馈效应。基于以上研究背景,以土地利用遥感监测数据为基础,参考相关理论,遵循“格局—过程—驱动机制—区域响应”的地理学研究范式,利用RS、GIS等技术手段,重点以广西西江流域土地利用变化为主线,采用文献分析法、数理模型评价法等研究方法,对广西西江流域近10年来土地利用时空格局变化及其生态环境效应进行评价,得出以下结论:(1)整个研究期间,耕地、林地面积减少,其他地类均增加。从转移矩阵角度分析,各地类均有大量转移给建设用地,其中耕地转移量较大。说明随着社会经济发展,城镇化水平不断提高,建设占用了大量其他地类。(2)通过选取适当景观指数对流域土地利用景观从斑块类型水平和总体景观水平进行分析。得出:耕地景观斑块数大幅增加,平均斑块面积减小,景观优势度减小;建设用地斑块数连片增加,平均斑块面积增幅较大;林地景观斑块数虽减少,其平均斑块面积在研究时段内翻倍增加,说明近年来的植树造林工程起到了一定成效。总体上,研究区土地利用斑块数在研究时段内呈现增加状态,景观呈破碎化发展。(3)研究表明,10年来广西西江流域土地生态服务总价值呈阶段性变化。研究前期生态服务价值量有一定程度增加而后期减少得较多,在整个研究期生态服务价值量减少。而对于整个陆地生态系统,林地生态系统和水分保持系统起主要支撑作用。(4)总体上,研究区域经过10年的经济发展,基础设施得到改善,土地利用强度增强,土地利用格局生态环境得到一定程度治理,和过去相比整体服务功能和环境得到一定改善。
[Abstract]:Land is the most basic natural resource, the guarantee of survival and development of human social activities, and the essential material basis of social development. In the complex system of population-resource-environment-society-development, land resource is the most important foundation. While using land to develop economy, human beings also have a great influence on the structure of natural resources. Guangxi Xijiang River Basin is located in China's subtropical humid monsoon climate area. It gathers rivers such as Nanpanjiang, Hongshui, Qianjiang, Xunjiang, Yujiang, Liujiang, Guijiang and Hejiang rivers in the West River and into the sea from Hong Kong through the Pearl River Delta. At the same time, it is located in the transitional zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the southeast coastal hilly region, the transition zone from the southwest underdeveloped region to the southeast developed region and the important gateway for ASEAN. The Xijiang River basin in Guangxi has special natural location and economic location. With the continuous deepening of the national western development strategy and the implementation of the State Council's opinions on further promoting the Economic and Social Development of Guangxi, the position of the Xijiang River Basin Economic Zone in Guangxi has been greatly upgraded, and the regional social economy has developed rapidly. Land use pattern has changed greatly, and the feedback effect of regional ecological function has also taken place. Based on the above research background, based on the land use remote sensing monitoring data, referring to the relevant theories, following the pattern, process-driven mechanism-region response paradigm, using RS,GIS and other technical means, Based on the main line of land use change in Xijiang river basin in Guangxi, this paper evaluates the spatial and temporal patterns of land use and its ecological and environmental effects in Xijiang river basin of Guangxi in the past 10 years by using the methods of literature analysis and mathematical model evaluation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) during the whole study period, the area of cultivated land and woodland decreased, and other land types increased. From the point of view of transfer matrix, there is a large amount of transfer to construction land, among which the amount of cultivated land transfer is large. It shows that with the development of social economy, the level of urbanization continues to improve, and construction occupies a large number of other land types. (2) by selecting appropriate landscape index, the land use landscape of the watershed is analyzed from patch type level and overall landscape level. The results showed that the number of patches in cultivated land increased significantly, the average patch area decreased, and the landscape dominance decreased, while the number of patches in construction land increased, and the average patch area increased greatly. Although the number of patches in woodland landscape decreased, the average patch area doubled in the period of study, indicating that the afforestation project in recent years has played a certain role. In general, the number of land use patches in the study area increased during the period of study, and the landscape developed in fragmentation. (3) the study showed that the total value of land ecological services in Xijiang River Basin of Guangxi Province had changed periodically in the past 10 years. The value of ecological services increased to a certain extent in the early stage of the study, but decreased more in the later period, and decreased in the whole research period. For the whole terrestrial ecosystem, woodland ecosystem and water conservation system play a major supporting role. (4) overall, after 10 years of economic development, infrastructure has been improved, and land use intensity has increased. The ecological environment of land use pattern has been treated to a certain extent, and compared with the past, the whole service function and environment have been improved.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

【相似文献】