内蒙古新生代农民工的人力资本研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 09:20

【摘要】：在内蒙古自治区经济发展进程中,新生代农民工是城市建设的主力军,是现代化建设的实践者,其人力资本的增值能够缓解城市化进程的阻力,有助于现代化进程的加速。新生代农民工的素质问题已经直接关系到城市化、现代化及和谐社会的建设。在社会人口老龄化趋势下,人口红利会逐渐减少,关注新生代农民工的素质提高,提高人力资本存量,是促进内蒙古向人力资源优势转变的重要因素,因此加大农民工人力资本投资力度,是非常必要的。目前,新生代农民工问题的核心是其生存和发展问题,其生存和发展的关键在于其人力资本的投资力度和水平。但是,经过调查内蒙古地区农民工的人力资本投资的现状和问题发现,人力资本投资出现很多问题,其中最大的问题是城市方面:由于农民工培训的投资主体不明确,以及考虑到自身成本收益差异,人力资本投资形势不容乐观;其次是农村方面,农民工存在着根深蒂固的思想观念,再加上经济能力不足、基础教育和职业教育、健康教育滞后等因素制约了农村人力资本的投资,阻碍了新生代向城镇有效转移,而且使他们难以在城镇长久地发展下去。因此,内蒙古地区的新生代农民工人力资本水平还有待进一步提高。本文在人力资本理论框架的基础上,提出农民工人力资本投资以及维度的观点。首先介绍农民工、人力资本的内涵,阐述了新生代农民工人力资本生成的理论依据,具体地介绍新生代人力资本的特征、人力资本生成的四种方式;其次利用调查的数据具体阐述了内蒙古新生代农民工就业情况以及人力资本现状,即教育、培训、医疗保健、流动迁移方面。再次,利用成本—收益分析方法对农民工人力投资主体,主要涉及个人或家庭、用人单位和政府,具体分析影响人力资本投资的因素,最后得出,个人或家庭和用人单位对农民工人力资本投资的局限性,为了弥补这种不足,政府应该承担起农民工人力资本投资的主要责任,在农民工人力资本形成中发挥主导作用。最后集中阐述了农村人力资本投资维度的问题。通过分析新生代农民工面临的特殊约束条件,明确农民工人力资本投资维度的指标。在此基础上,设计调查问卷并收集数据,利用主成分分析法对农民工人力资本的投资维度进行归类和分析;得出适合内蒙古地区的人力资本投资维度选择。最后,总结本文并阐述了有助于提升农民工人力资本水平的建议。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, the new generation of migrant workers is the main force of urban construction and the practitioner of modernization. The increment of its human capital can alleviate the resistance of urbanization and help accelerate the process of modernization. The quality of the new generation of migrant workers has a direct bearing on urbanization, modernization and the construction of a harmonious society. Under the trend of aging of the social population, the population dividend will gradually decrease. Paying attention to the quality improvement of the new generation of migrant workers and raising the stock of human capital are the important factors to promote the transformation of Inner Mongolia into the superiority of human resources. Therefore, it is very necessary to increase the human capital investment of migrant workers. At present, the core of the new generation of migrant workers is their survival and development, and the key to their survival and development lies in the investment intensity and level of their human capital. However, after investigating the present situation and problems of human capital investment of migrant workers in Inner Mongolia, it is found that there are many problems in human capital investment, the biggest of which is the urban aspect. And considering the difference of cost and income, the situation of human capital investment is not optimistic; Secondly, in rural areas, the rural migrant workers have deep-rooted ideas, coupled with the lack of economic capacity, basic and vocational education, health education and other factors that restrict the investment of rural human capital. It hinders the effective transfer of the new generation to the town, and makes it difficult for them to develop in the town for a long time. Therefore, the level of human capital of the new generation of migrant workers in Inner Mongolia needs to be further improved. Based on the theoretical framework of human capital, this paper puts forward the viewpoint of human capital investment and dimensions of migrant workers. Firstly, it introduces the connotation of migrant workers and human capital, expounds the theoretical basis of the generation of the human capital of the new generation of migrant workers, introduces the characteristics of the new generation of human capital and four ways of the generation of human capital. Secondly, the employment situation of the new generation of migrant workers in Inner Mongolia and the present situation of human capital, namely education, training, health care, mobility and migration, are described in detail by using the survey data. Thirdly, using the cost-benefit analysis method to analyze the main body of human capital investment of migrant workers, mainly involving individuals or families, employers and the government, analyzes the factors that affect the investment of human capital, and finally comes to a conclusion. In order to make up for the limitation of individual or family and employer's investment in migrant workers' human capital, the government should assume the main responsibility of human capital investment of migrant workers and play a leading role in the formation of migrant workers' human capital. At last, the paper focuses on the dimensions of human capital investment in rural areas. By analyzing the special constraint conditions of the new generation of migrant workers, the index of the dimensions of human capital investment of migrant workers is defined. On the basis of this, we design the questionnaire and collect the data, use principal component analysis to classify and analyze the dimensions of human capital investment of migrant workers, and get the human capital investment dimension choice suitable for Inner Mongolia. Finally, this paper summarizes and expounds the suggestions to improve the level of migrant workers' human capital.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6

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