农业文化遗产保护目标下农户生计状况分析

发布时间：2019-04-01 15:06

【摘要】：农户生计是农业文化遗产认定标准之一,也是影响农业文化遗产保护与传承的关键因素,在贫困地区,遗产保护与农户脱贫的两难困境更为突出。本研究基于可持续生计理论和分析框架,以全球重要农业文化遗产地——云南红河哈尼稻作梯田为案例区域,通过生计资本指标体系构建和量化,对比分析了不同生计途径农户的生计状况。评估结果发现,农户的生计资本均值为2.312,生计资本处于匮乏状态,金融资本值最低,而文化资本值最高。从事农业和打工是当前农户的主要生计途径,旅游接待成为生计拓展的重要形式。三类农户生计资本值和家庭年均收入排序相同,都表现为旅游接待户打工兼业户纯农业户,纯农业户的生计状况最差。从单项生计资本看,旅游接待户和打工兼业户的人力资本显著高于纯农业户,物质资本和金融资本比较中,旅游接待户显著高于其他两类农户,说明人力资本越丰富的农户越可能倾向于兼业,农户开展旅游接待需要较高的物质和金融资本作为基础。这意味着,农业文化遗产保护要大力提高农户的农业经营收益,延长农业的价值链和产业链,完善农村金融市场,开展旅游接待培训,从人力、金融等多方面改善农户生计资本状况,实现生计途径拓展。
[Abstract]:Farmers' livelihood is one of the criteria for the identification of agricultural cultural heritage, and it is also a key factor affecting the protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage. In poor areas, the dilemma between heritage protection and farmers' alleviation of poverty is even more prominent. Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood theory and analysis, this study takes Yunnan Honghe Hani rice terrace as an example region and constructs and quantifies the index system of livelihood capital, which is an important agricultural and cultural heritage site in the world. The livelihood status of farmers with different means of livelihood was compared and analyzed. The results show that the average livelihood capital of farmers is 2.312, the livelihood capital is in a state of scarcity, the capital value of financial financing is the lowest, while the value of cultural capital is the highest. Being engaged in agriculture and working is the main way of subsistence for farmers at present, and tourism reception becomes an important form of livelihood expansion. The living capital value of the three types of farmers and the average annual income of the household are the same, all of which are shown as the pure agricultural households of the part-time working and working households of the tourist reception households, and the pure agricultural households have the worst living conditions. In terms of the individual livelihood capital, the human capital of the tourist receptionist and the part-time worker is significantly higher than that of the pure agricultural households, and in the comparison of the material capital and the financial capital, the tourist reception households are significantly higher than the other two types of farmers. It shows that the more abundant human capital is, the more likely farmers tend to work part-time, and farmers need higher material and financial capital as the basis for carrying out tourism reception. This means that the protection of agricultural cultural heritage should vigorously improve the agricultural management income of farmers, extend the value chain and industrial chain of agriculture, perfect the rural financial market, carry out tourism reception training, and carry out human resources training. Finance and other aspects to improve the situation of farmers' livelihood capital, to achieve the expansion of livelihood channels.
【作者单位】：农业部农村经济研究中心;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;云南红河州世界遗产管理局;中国人民大学环境学院;
【基金】：农业部农村经济研究中心青年基金“农业文化遗产保护与发展:实现路径与政策设计” 农业国际交流与合作项目“2016年中国全球重要农业文化遗产保护”
【分类号】：G122;F323.8

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