内蒙古贫困空间分异及致贫消贫因素研究

发布时间：2019-05-30 00:13

【摘要】：减缓贫困直至消除贫困始终是世界各国面临的主要难题之一,也早已经成为全人类的共识,同时也是发展中国家所面对的严重挑战。对于我国来说,消除贫困是我国社会主义的本质要求,同时也是事关我党执政基础和国家长治久安的首要任务。内蒙古地处中国贫困人口集聚的西部地区,也是少数民族自治地区,地处我国西北部干旱地区,自然条件恶劣,同时受社会、经济等方面多重的影响,经济发展快速但很不平衡,贫富差距日益加大。本文结合空间贫困及其相关理论,以内蒙古自治区各旗县及贫困村为基本单元,首先分析内蒙古自治区的贫困现状,结合ESDA-GIS技术,计算出空间自相关指数,绘制贫困集聚地图,结果显示:内蒙古自治区旗县农民人均纯收入呈现出空间集聚的特性;其次进行了内蒙古自治区旗县及贫困村贫困现状的分析,从自然、社会及经济因素方面构建指标体系,利用Pearson相关分析方法,区分出内蒙古旗县贫困的致贫因素以及消贫因素。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:自然环境与社会环境是导致贫困发生的最主要因素,而经济环境则会缓解贫困甚至消除贫困;最后,利用多元线性回归模型分别对内蒙古各旗县和贫困村进行致贫因素的定量分析,结果显示:是否遭受自然灾害,少数民族人口数量,农民教育水平,专业性合作组织的建设以及居民储蓄信贷水平等因素成为导致贫困的主要因素。针对上述结论,本文提出了相应的反贫困对策,包括优化农业产业结构,发挥特色优势战略;加强土地草场保护,高效利用土地资源;完善基础设施建设,巩固农业物质基础以及加大科技教育投资,提高农牧民自身素质。
[Abstract]:Poverty alleviation and poverty eradication have always been one of the main problems facing all countries in the world, and it has long been the consensus of all mankind, and it is also a serious challenge faced by developing countries. For our country, the eradication of poverty is the essential requirement of socialism in our country, and it is also the primary task related to the ruling foundation of our party and the long-term stability of the country. Inner Mongolia is located in the western region where the poor population is concentrated in China, and it is also an autonomous area of ethnic minorities. It is located in the arid area of northwest China. The natural conditions are bad. At the same time, it is affected by many aspects of society, economy and so on. Economic development is rapid but very uneven, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. Based on the theory of spatial poverty and its related theories, taking the banners, counties and poor villages of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region as the basic units, this paper first analyzes the present situation of poverty in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, and calculates the spatial autocorrelation index combined with ESDA-GIS technology. The results show that the per capita net income of farmers in Banner County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region shows the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. Secondly, the poverty situation of Banner County and poor village in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region is analyzed, and the index system is constructed from the aspects of natural, social and economic factors, and the Pearson correlation analysis method is used. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the natural environment and the social environment are the most important factors leading to poverty, while the economic environment can alleviate or even eliminate poverty. Finally, the multiple linear regression model is used to quantitatively analyze the poverty factors in banners, counties and poor villages in Inner Mongolia. The results show whether or not they have suffered from natural disasters, the number of ethnic minorities, the level of farmers' education, The construction of professional cooperative organizations and the level of savings and credit have become the main factors leading to poverty. In view of the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the corresponding anti-poverty countermeasures, including optimizing the agricultural industrial structure, giving full play to the characteristic advantage strategy, strengthening the protection of land grassland and making efficient use of land resources. We will improve infrastructure construction, consolidate the agricultural material foundation, increase investment in science, technology and education, and improve the quality of farmers and herdsmen.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

【参考文献】