长江中上游地区土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值研究

发布时间：2019-06-22 12:20

【摘要】：长江中上游地区是长江经济带的一部分,人类生产活动频繁,对人类土地利用程度的不断加深,改变着长江中上游地区的土地利用格局和生态环境,研究长江中上游地区土地利用的时空特征及生态环境的影响意义重大。通过分析研究区1995年、2000年、2005年、2008年四期土地利用数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析功能、Excel 2007、Spss19等统计分析功能,采用土地利用数学模型(土地利用强度、土地利用幅度模型等)和生态系统服务价值法等,对研究区14年间的土地利用变化和生态服务价值进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用类型变化不明显,较稳定。研究区的土地利用类型以耕地、林地、草地为主,在空间分布上,各土地利用类型存在区域差异。(2)研究区土地利用变化幅度较小,变化速度减缓,土地利用进入调整阶段。(3)研究区各土地利用类型之间转化复杂多变,土地利用多样性越来越复杂。无论是总体还是局部,土地利用空间转移变化均集中于1995-2000年。研究区土地利用指数、均衡度不断增大,土地利用多样性越来越复杂。各省市的土地利用转移变化更加复杂,且结构复杂度也不断上升。(4)研究区土地利用变化的驱动因素既有自然因素也有人文因素。在自然因素方面,主要体现为海拔、坡度、坡向、降水、气温等对土地利用分布的影响。在人文因素方面,主要体现为人口、经济、政策对土地利用变化的影响。(5)研究区生态系统服务价值逐渐下降。采用生态效应指数对其土地利用变化和生态服务价值变化的相关性进行研究,发现研究区土地利用变化对生态服务总价值变化有一定的影响,但影响程度较小。从不同土地利用类型看,林地、水域、未利用地的面积变化与生态价值变化的相关性较高。(6)从价值流向来看,不同时段引起生态服务价值变化的主要土地利用类型不同:1995-2000年间主要为耕地、草地、未利用地向林地、水域的转化导致生态服务价值减少;2000-2005年间主要是草地生态服务价值向林地、水域的转化致使生态服务价值进一步下降。
[Abstract]:The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River is a part of the economic belt of the Yangtze River. The frequent human production activities are of great significance to the deepening of human land use, the change of land use pattern and ecological environment in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the study of the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use and the influence of ecological environment in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on the analysis of land use data in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008 in the study area, the land use change and ecological service value in the study area in the past 14 years were studied by using ArcGIS spatial analysis function, Excel 2007, SPSS 19 statistical analysis function, land use mathematical model (land use intensity, land use amplitude model, etc.) and ecosystem service value method. The results show that: (1) the change of land use types in the study area is not obvious and stable. The land use types in the study area are mainly cultivated land, forest land and grassland. In the spatial distribution, there are regional differences in each land use type. (2) the change range of land use in the study area is small, the change rate slows down, and the land use enters the adjustment stage. (3) the transformation among the land use types in the study area is complex and changeable, and the land use diversity is becoming more and more complex. Both overall and local, the spatial transfer of land use is concentrated in 1995-2000. The land use index and equilibrium degree of the study area are increasing, and the diversity of land use is becoming more and more complex. The land use transfer change of provinces and cities is more complex, and the structural complexity is also increasing. (4) the driving factors of land use change in the study area are both natural and human factors. In the aspect of natural factors, it is mainly reflected in the influence of altitude, slope, slope direction, precipitation, air temperature and so on land use distribution. In terms of human factors, it is mainly reflected in the impact of population, economy and policy on land use change. (5) the value of ecosystem services in the study area decreases gradually. The correlation between land use change and ecological service value change was studied by using ecological effect index. It was found that land use change in the study area had a certain influence on the total value change of ecological service, but the degree of influence was small. From different land use types, the correlation between the area change of forest land, water area and unused land and the change of ecological value is high. (6) from the point of view of value flow direction, the main land use types that cause the change of ecological service value in different periods are different: from 1995 to 2000, the transformation of unused land to forest land and water area leads to the decrease of ecological service value; From 2000 to 2005, the transformation of grassland ecological service value to forest land and water area led to the further decrease of ecological service value.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X826

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