核桃与小麦套作效应的调查研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 11:17

本文关键词：核桃与小麦套作效应的调查研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：渭北黄土区是粮食主产区，生态环境脆弱,农民收入水平较低。农林套作栽培是改善脆弱生态环境、促进区域经济持续发展的技术途径。核桃（JuglansregiaL.）是渭北黄土区具有代表性的经济林树种，按照一定规格与农作物套作栽培，发挥农林相互依存，互相促进的作用，可望达到粮食与核桃双丰收，对于稳定粮食生产，促进当地特色产业发展和提高农民增收具有重要意义。本研究对陇县6～10年生核桃树与核桃与小麦套作的小气候和效益进行了调查分析。核桃品种为辽核1号，2003年秋季栽植，有8种栽植密度，沿行距方向划分为栽植带和套种带。套种作物种植带宽2m，两侧距离核桃栽植带各1m。核桃树龄10年左右，测定套作区大气温度、土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤湿度、蒸发量、风速、光照强度等小气候。结果表明：在立地标准无明显差异的情况下，套作地中生长周期达到十年以上的核桃树，其高度和胸部直径比较对照地分别提高了16%～26%，每667m2产核桃干果150kg，比纯种33株核桃林（对照）增产21%，，平均667m2收入可达3000元。核桃套作农业作物后，由于加强了各种农作物的管理，追肥、浇水、中耕锄草等措施，间接地为核桃树管理、生长创造了良好条件。核桃与小麦套作增效的因素主要，一方面是核桃树平均76%的吸收根密集层深度分布在40～100cm土层中，而小麦根系主要分布在0～40cm耕作层内，平均仅占核桃根系分布深度的12%，两种作物根系基本分布错开，争水争肥矛盾小，适合套作；另一方面是套作系统的环境温度、风速、光照强度、土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤湿度、蒸发量等小气候因子改变，充分显示了核桃树对农田小气候的调节作用，为小麦创造了有利的生长环境。
[Abstract]:Weibei loess region is the major grain producing areas, the ecological environment is fragile, the income level of farmers is low. Agricultural and forestry intercropping cultivation is to improve the fragile ecological environment, promote the technical approach to the sustainable development of the regional economy. Walnut (JuglansregiaL.) is economic forest tree species in the Weibei Loess Area representative, according to certain specifications and crop interplanting, play and interdependence, mutual promotion, is expected to achieve double harvest of grain and walnut, to stabilize grain production, promote the development of local characteristic industries and improve farmers' income has important significance. This study conducted a survey analysis on microclimate and benefit of Longxian from 6 to 10 years old walnut tree and walnut and wheat intercropping. Walnut varieties Liaoning Nuclear No. 1, 2003 autumn planting, there are 8 kinds of planting density, distance along the direction is divided into planting belt and intercropping interplanting crops planting belt. The bandwidth of 2M and distance planted with walnut on both sides of each 1m. core Peach at the age of 10 years, determination of district atmospheric temperature, and soil moisture, soil temperature, soil moisture, evaporation, wind speed, light intensity and climate. The results showed that: there was no significant difference in site standards, the growth cycle of Intercropping in more than ten years of the walnut tree, the height and diameter of the chest compared to the control respectively increased by 16% ~ 26%, each 667m2 150kg production of walnuts, than the purebred 33 strains of walnut forest (CK) increased by 21%, 667m2 average income of up to 3000 yuan.
The walnut crop intercropping, by strengthening the management of various crops, fertilizing, watering, weeding and cultivation measures, indirectly management of walnut tree, growth and create good conditions.
The factors of walnut and wheat intercropping efficiency mainly, one is the root absorption dense layer depth distribution in 40 ~ 100cm soil layer in walnut trees on average 76%, and wheat roots mainly distributed in 0 ~ 40cm in farming layer, the average depth of walnut root accounted for only 12%, two kinds of basic distribution of crop roots staggered, competition for water dispute the contradiction between fertilizer small, on the other hand, is suitable for intercropping; intercropping system environment temperature, wind speed, light intensity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil moisture, evaporation and other small changes in climate factor, fully displays the walnut tree to regulate the field microclimate, create a favorable environment for the growth of wheat.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S664.1;S512.1

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