我国大型灌区结构组成分析及现代化评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:27

本文选题：大型灌区　切入点：结构组成　出处：《河北农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国大型灌区在国民经济发展与农业生产中扮演着重要角色。大型灌区是保障我国粮食安全的重要设施，是我国农业规模化生产和重要的商品粮、棉、油基地，对于提高农业综合生产能力、增加粮食产量具有明显的优势。大型灌区是一个包含社会、环境及灌溉区域内的所有活动的集合体，涉及区域经济发展、生态环境等问题。国家对大型灌区的建设十分重视，2005年~2013年中央一号文件就连续提出加快大型灌区续建配套和节水改造。灌区现代化的发展是农业现代化的发展的一个重要方面。本文在查阅大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上，结合大型灌区实际，采用理论研究与实例应用相结合的技术路线，主要研究成果为：（1）大型灌区分级与分区研究。在层次聚类方法的基础上采用快速聚类（K-means）的方法并结合大型灌区实际，将我国大型灌区规模等级划分为4级。我国地域辽阔，区域特点差异大，根据我国大型灌区所属区域自然条件、农业生产及灌溉特点，将我国大型灌区所属地区归为6大区。（2）大型灌区组成结构分析。首先剖析了大型灌区组成结构，按照大型灌区规模等级及6大分区，对我国大型灌区水源工程类型、灌溉渠系、排水沟道及大型灌区管理情况进行分析，主要包含单位灌溉面积拥有渠（沟）道长度、灌溉渠道衬砌长度占比、单位长度渠（沟）系建筑物数量、单位面积专管人员数量、群管组织管理面积等5方面。（3）大型灌区农田有效灌溉面积趋势分析。本文对1978～2011年大型灌区农田有效灌溉面积发展趋势进行了分析。并采用融合Markov链的GM(1,1)模型对大型灌区2013～2020年农田有效灌溉面积进行了预测。（4）大型灌区现代化评价指标体系建立。针对大型灌区发展需要，总结出影响大型灌区现代化建设主要评价指标，通过专家论证对指标进行筛选，建立评价体系。该体系由两级指标构成，一级指标包含综合、工程建设、效益与效率、管理与服务、生态环境等5大子系统，二级指标21项，并给出指标性质及计算方法。（5）大型灌区现代化评价方法与应用。采用模糊可变评价方法，，分别在6个分区选择样点灌区作为评价对象，进行灌区现代化评价。评价结果显示了样点灌区现代化等级及样点灌区实现现代化的薄弱环节。研究发现我国大型灌区多处于基本现代化阶段，距完全实现灌区现代化还有一定差距。
[Abstract]:Large-scale irrigation districts in China play an important role in the development of national economy and agricultural production.Large-scale irrigation area is an important facility to guarantee the food security in China, and it is also an important commodity grain, cotton and oil base in our country. It has obvious advantages in improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and increasing the grain output.Large irrigation area is a collection of social, environmental and irrigation activities, involving regional economic development, ecological environment and other issues.The state attaches great importance to the construction of large irrigation areas. In the first document of the Central Committee from 2005 to 2013, it has been proposed to speed up the continuous construction of large-scale irrigation areas and water saving reconstruction.The development of irrigation district modernization is an important aspect of agricultural modernization development.On the basis of consulting a large number of domestic and foreign documents and combining with the practice of large irrigation areas, this paper adopts the technical route of combining theoretical research with practical application. The main research results are as follows:1) study on classification and zoning of large irrigation areas.On the basis of hierarchical clustering method, the fast clustering K-means method was used to divide the scale of large irrigation areas into 4 grades in China in combination with the practice of large irrigation areas.Our country has a vast territory and great difference in regional characteristics. According to the natural conditions, agricultural production and irrigation characteristics of the large irrigation areas in China, the large irrigation areas of our country are classified into 6 regions.Analysis of composition structure of large irrigation area.Firstly, the composition structure of large irrigation area is analyzed. According to the scale grade of large irrigation area and 6 major districts, the management of water source engineering, irrigation canal system, drainage channel and large irrigation area in large irrigation area in China are analyzed.It mainly includes the length of canal (channel), the proportion of lining length of irrigation canal, the number of buildings per unit length, the number of special staff per unit area, the area of management of group management and so on.Analysis on the trend of farmland effective irrigation area in large irrigation area.The development trend of farmland effective irrigation area in large irrigation area from 1978 to 2011 was analyzed in this paper.The effective irrigated area of farmland from 2013 to 2020 in large irrigated area was forecasted by using the Markov chain model.4) Establishment of evaluation index system for modernization of large irrigation district.In order to meet the needs of the development of large irrigation areas, the main evaluation indexes affecting the modernization construction of large irrigation districts are summarized, and the evaluation system is established through the screening of the indicators through expert argumentation.The system is composed of two indexes. The first grade index includes five subsystems, such as synthesis, engineering construction, benefit and efficiency, management and service, ecological environment, etc. The second grade index is 21 items, and the properties of index and calculation method are given.Evaluation method and application of modernization in large irrigation area.The fuzzy variable evaluation method was used to evaluate the modernization of irrigation district.The evaluation results show that the grade of modernization of sample irrigation district and the weak link of realizing modernization of sample irrigation district.It is found that most large irrigation areas in China are in the basic stage of modernization, and there is still a certain gap between the complete modernization of irrigation districts and the modernization of irrigation districts.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S274

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