大兴安岭南麓山区少数民族长期贫困问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 14:01

【摘要】：我国的减贫工作在过去30年的实践中取得了巨大的成就，但是贫困问题的解决不可能一蹴而就，需要一个持续的过程，在经济发展的长河中，不同地区、不同时期、不同阶段的减贫工作重点是不同的，贫困的形势处在不断地变化之中，这就需要各单位调整方向、抓住机遇，不断地提升减贫理论实践水平。贫困问题一直以来受到许多人的关注，其涉及到多领域的研究，如经济学的财富分配、区域经济的发展；人类学的民族发展、环境保护；管理学的返贫政策制定、评估；社会学的贫困理论研究等。理论界从不同角度对我国的贫困分别进行了较深入的研究，总结了许多值得借鉴的有益经验。但是对于不同区域、不同民族的贫困问题研究还有待完善。在我国建设全面小康社会的大环境下，山区少数民族的群众为国家的经济建设提供了大量人才、资源、技术等支持，为我国现代化建设做出了功不可没的贡献，然而当前有不少山区少数民族群众处于贫困状态之中，如何帮助他们摆脱贫困，共享经济发展的成果，是全国人民的共同心愿，只有各族人民的小康才是真正的小康。山区少数民族群众的贫困一直以来受到社会各界的关注，2011年我国新设14个集中连片特困区，进行重点扶贫，集中连片特困区大部分位于山区，少数民族群众居多，大兴安岭南麓山区就是其中之一。大兴安岭南麓山区少数民族群众的贫困呈现出长期性、代际传递性、易返贫性的特征，该区域少数民族贫困家庭一般都经历了5年甚至更长时间的贫困历程；贫困以及导致贫困的相关条件和因素，在家庭内部由父母传递给子女，使子女在成年后重复父母的境遇；脱贫之后的家庭具有脆弱性，抵抗风险的能力差，，导致极容易返贫。多重原因共同导致了大兴安岭南麓山区少数民族长期贫困，如生态环境脆弱、自然灾害多；基础设施差、被重视的较晚；城镇的扩散效应不强，经济缺乏增长点；人力资本培养不足；扶贫机制落后等原因。这就需要当前减贫机构抓住我国当前集中连片扶贫攻坚的有利时机，结合山区少数民族长期贫困的现实状况，科学减贫，想方设法提高山区群众自身发展能力、最终实现脱贫致富。
[Abstract]:The work of reducing poverty in China has made great achievements in the past 30 years, but the solution to the problem of poverty cannot be achieved overnight. It needs a continuous process. In the long river of economic development, different regions, different periods, The emphasis of poverty reduction in different stages is different, and the situation of poverty is constantly changing, which requires all units to adjust the direction, seize the opportunity, and constantly improve the theoretical and practical level of poverty reduction. Poverty has been concerned by many people all the time. It involves many fields of research, such as the distribution of wealth in economics, the development of regional economy, the national development of anthropology, the environmental protection, the policy making and evaluation of the return to poverty of management; The theory of poverty in sociology. The theoretical circle has carried on the thorough research from the different angle to our country's poverty separately, has summed up many beneficial experiences which are worth drawing lessons from. However, for different regions, different ethnic poverty research needs to be improved. In the great environment of building a well-off society in an all-round way in our country, the masses of ethnic minorities in mountainous areas have provided a large number of talents, resources, technology and other support for the economic construction of the country, and have made an indelible contribution to the modernization drive of our country. However, many minority people in mountainous areas are in a state of poverty at present. How to help them get rid of poverty and share the fruits of economic development is the common aspiration of the whole nation. Only the well-off of the people of all nationalities is the real well-off society. The poverty of minority people in mountainous areas has always been concerned by all walks of life. In 2011, China has set up 14 new concentrated special hardship areas to help the poor, most of which are located in mountainous areas, and the majority of ethnic minorities are in the majority. The southern foothills of the Daxing'an Mountains are one of them. The poverty of minority people in the southern part of Daxing'an Mountains shows the characteristics of long term, intergenerational transmission and easy to return to poverty. The poor families of minority nationalities in this region have generally experienced five years or more of poverty. Poverty and the related conditions and factors that lead to poverty are transmitted from parents to children within the family, so that the children repeat their parents' situation in adulthood; the families after poverty are vulnerable and have poor ability to resist risks, which leads to the extremely easy return to poverty. Many reasons lead to the long-term poverty of ethnic minorities in the southern foothills of Daxing'an Mountains, such as fragile ecological environment, more natural disasters, poor infrastructure, less diffusion effect of towns, and lack of economic growth point. Insufficient training of human capital; backward mechanism of poverty alleviation and so on. This will require the current poverty reduction agencies to seize the favorable opportunity of our country's current concentrated efforts to tackle poverty, to scientifically reduce poverty and to improve the ability of mountain people to develop themselves, taking into account the reality of long-term poverty among ethnic minorities in mountainous areas. Finally, get rid of poverty and become rich.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.8

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