克山县农村饮水水质评价及其地下水埋深动态预测

发布时间：2018-09-17 08:46

【摘要】：水是人类赖以生存不可缺少的资源,安全可靠的饮用水直接关系着国民群众的身体健康和生活质量。由于我国资源和人口数量不均衡加之管理不得当,导致了大量的淡水资源污染、浪费、开采过度等一系列问题日益严重,饮水安全面临威胁,尤其是偏远落后的农村,饮水安全问题十分突出。为了保障农村群众饮水安全,维护人群生命健康,促进区域经济发展,我国在全国范围内先后兴建了大大小小的饮水安全工程,改善了当地农村居民饮水条件,提高了农村居民的生活水平。然而饮水安全工程在某一地区的兴建是否可行需要大量的参考,因此调查研究黑龙江省克山县农村饮水安全工程势在必行。本文通过调查分析,成果如下： (1)通过整理分析克山县地表水资源、地下水资源以及水资源开发利用现状,得出克山县古城镇居民饮用水容易诱发地方病,饮水不便携等问题,制约了经济发展。为了保障农民群众身心健康,促进区域经济快速发展,落实国家解决农村饮水安全问题的总体要求和黑龙江省水利厅的意见精神,因此修建集中式供水工程势在必行。 (2)针对水样检测,结果显示：古城镇内地表水为IV类水体,其中有机物含量超标,铁锰含量也严重超标。运用单因子评价法、F值评分法和模糊综合评价法对地下水水质进行评价,结果表明只要适当处理超标大肠杆菌菌群,地下水水质条件就能满足集中供水工程饮水安全条件。由于地表水水质条件不满足农村饮水安全的要求加之工程投资过高、净水工艺困难。因此选择水质良好、水量稳定、造价低等优点的地下水作为饮水源。 (3)深入调查并收集自2000～2010年2号长观井逐月地下水埋深原始数据,参考大量文献,采用BP神经网络、时间序列分析法,建立相应地下水埋深动态预测模型,对地下水埋深进行拟合和预测。结果表明：拟合精度和预测精度较高,两种方法共同揭示了该地区地下水动态变化规律即地下水年际变化呈稳定状态,未来三年内略有回升,从水位动态角度考虑此区域水量有保证。 (4)本文主要从地下水水位和水质角度进行分析,结果表明此区域作为水源地比较合理。为工程科学合理地建设提供理论依据,说明工程建设具有可行性。 (5)针对多数农村饮水安全存在的问题,为避免此区域集中式饮水安全工程发生不良安全隐患,促进地下水和经济可持续发展,提出克山县农村饮水安全相关措施,为此区域饮水安全工程管理提供参照。
[Abstract]:Water is an indispensable resource for human survival. Safe and reliable drinking water is directly related to the people's health and quality of life. Due to the imbalance of resources and population and the improper management of our country, a series of problems, such as pollution, waste and over-exploitation of freshwater resources, are becoming more and more serious, and the safety of drinking water is threatened, especially in the remote and backward rural areas. The problem of drinking water safety is very prominent. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water for rural people, safeguard their lives and health, and promote regional economic development, China has successively built large and small drinking water safety projects throughout the country, which have improved the drinking water conditions of local rural residents. The living standards of rural residents have been raised. However, the construction of drinking water safety project in a certain area needs a lot of reference, so it is imperative to investigate and study the rural drinking water safety project in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province. Through investigation and analysis, the results are as follows: (1) through the analysis of the current situation of surface water resources, groundwater resources and water resources exploitation and utilization in Keshan County, it is concluded that drinking water of ancient towns in Keshan County is prone to lead to endemic diseases. Water is not portable and other issues, restricting economic development. In order to ensure the physical and mental health of the peasants, to promote the rapid development of regional economy, and to implement the general requirements of the state to solve the problem of drinking water security in rural areas and the opinion spirit of the Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy Department, Therefore, it is imperative to build a centralized water supply project. (2) according to water sample detection, the results show that the surface water in ancient towns is IV water body, in which the content of organic matter exceeds the standard, and the content of iron and manganese exceeds the standard seriously. Single factor evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The results show that the groundwater quality conditions can meet the drinking water safety conditions of the centralized water supply project as long as the bacteria colony of Escherichia coli is properly treated. Water purification process is difficult because the surface water quality does not meet the requirements of drinking water safety in rural areas and the project investment is too high. Therefore, the groundwater which has the advantages of good water quality, stable water quantity and low cost is selected as the drinking water source. (3) the original data of groundwater burial depth of Changguan well from 2000 to 2010 are investigated and collected month by month, with a large number of references. Using BP neural network and time series analysis method, the dynamic prediction model of groundwater depth is established, and the groundwater depth is fitted and predicted. The results show that the fitting accuracy and prediction accuracy are high. The two methods reveal the dynamic variation of groundwater in this area, that is, the interannual variation of groundwater shows a stable state, and it will recover slightly in the next three years. Considering the water level dynamics, the quantity of water in this area is guaranteed. (4) this paper mainly analyzes the groundwater level and water quality, and the results show that the area is more reasonable as a source of water. It provides theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable construction of engineering and explains the feasibility of engineering construction. (5) aiming at the problems of drinking water safety in most rural areas, in order to avoid the potential safety problems of centralized drinking water safety projects in this area, In order to promote the sustainable development of groundwater and economy, the relevant measures of drinking water safety in rural areas of Keshan County are put forward, and the reference for the project management of drinking water safety in this area is provided.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X824;P641.7

【参考文献】