自然资源开发对经济增长作用的区域差异研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 03:41

本文关键词： 自然资源开发经济增长 “资源诅咒区域差异门槛效应　出处：《兰州大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统经济学理论认为,良好的资源禀赋是经济增长的基础,但自20世纪中后期以来,很多资源导向型经济增长模式的失败以及许多资源匮乏的国家和地区的快速崛起,使得经济学家们开始重新审视自然资源开发与经济增长的关系,进而提出了“资源诅咒”假说。但是,目前学术界对于自然资源开发对经济增长究竟是“祝福”还是“诅咒”尚存在争议。就中国而言,自然资源禀赋较好的中西部地区,其经济发展水平在中国区域经济发展格局中长期处于落后状态,出现了所谓“富饶的贫困”。针对这一令人费解的现象,众多学者结合“资源诅咒”假说进行了大量研究,涌现出了许多富有价值的文献和研究成果。但是,现有绝大多数文献是在单调的线性假定条件下,对自然资源开发与经济增长的关系进行了实证检验和理论阐释,从而无法对“资源祝福”和“资源诅咒”案例并存的事实给出合理解释。本文针对现有研究中存在的不足和争议,利用2003-2011年中国省际面板数据样本,并采用多种识别方式和计量方法就自然资源开发对经济增长作用的区域差异及门槛效应进行了实证和规范相结合的研究。本文的研究结论归纳如下：第一,自然资源开发对经济增长的作用在中国三大区域层面上存在显著差异,自然资源开发对东部地区的经济增长产生了非常显著的促进作用,但对广大中西部地区而言,因为过度开发自然资源和缺乏较好的资源转化增值能力,所以未能从资源开发中获得正面效应；第二,自然资源开发与经济增长之间存在显著的非线性关系,当自然资源开发度小于一定门槛值时,自然资源开发对区域经济增长具有显著的促进作用,区域经济发展处于“资源祝福”状态,而自然资源开发度一旦超门槛值时,自然资源开发就会阻碍经济增长,使区域经济发展落入“资源诅咒”陷阱；第三,制造业发展、市场化程度和金融发展在中国自然资源开发与经济增长之间的非线性关系中扮演着重要角色,在这些变量超过一定门槛值的条件下,自然资源开发才能促进地区经济增长,即制造业发展、市场化程度和金融发展在规避“资源诅咒”方面发挥着重要作用；第四,自然资源开发与制造业发展、市场化程度和金融发展之间处于一种此消彼长的状态,自然资源开发会挤出以上三者而制约经济增长,反过来,上述三个因素的改进又可以填补资源开发活动的先天缺陷,指引其真正成为经济增长的“福音”。因此,本文认为自然资源开发并非总能成为经济增长的助推器,“资源诅咒”也并非是资源开发活动的必然结果。中西部地区由于过度依赖资源开发,且资源转化吸收能力尚弱,是其发生“资源诅咒”的主要原因。所以,要想规避“资源诅咒”,就要科学开发和合理利用自然资源,加强人力资本积累和促进技术创新,推进制造业发展,加快市场化进程,提升金融发展水平,进而通过产业结构优化提高要素配置效率来弥补资源开发的先天不足,将资源优势真正转化为经济优势。
[Abstract]:Traditional economics theory holds that good resource endowment is the foundation of economic growth , but since the middle and late of the 20th century , many resource - oriented economic growth patterns have failed and the rapid rise of many countries and regions with scarce resources , so that economists began to reconsider the relationship between natural resource development and economic growth , and then put forward the hypothesis of " resource curse " . However , the academic circles are still in dispute about whether the economic growth is " blessing " or " curse " for the exploitation of natural resources . As far as China is concerned , the economic development level of the central and western regions with good natural resources endowment lies in the backward state in the regional economic development pattern of China , and the so - called " rich poverty " has emerged . Many scholars have studied the relationship between natural resource development and economic growth under the condition of monotonous linear assumption . However , the fact that the " resource blessing " and " resource curse " can not coexist can not be explained reasonably . In view of the deficiencies and disputes existing in the existing research , the paper uses the data samples of inter - provincial panel of China in 2003 - 2011 , and adopts a variety of identification methods and measurement methods to study the regional differences and threshold effects of natural resources development on economic growth . The conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows : First , the role of natural resource exploitation on economic growth has a remarkable difference in the three regional levels of China . Natural resources development has a very significant effect on the economic growth in the eastern region , but it is not possible to obtain positive effect from the exploitation of resources because of the over - exploitation of natural resources and the lack of better resource transformation and appreciation capability . Secondly , there is a significant non - linear relationship between natural resource exploitation and economic growth . When the exploitation degree of natural resources is less than a certain threshold , the exploitation of natural resources plays a significant role in regional economic growth . Third , manufacturing development , marketization degree and financial development play an important role in the nonlinear relationship between natural resource development and economic growth in China . Under the condition that these variables exceed a certain threshold value , natural resource development can promote regional economic growth , that is , manufacturing development , marketization degree and financial development play an important role in circumventing " resource curse " ; Fourthly , the development of natural resources and the development of the manufacturing industry , the degree of marketization and the financial development are in a long way , and the exploitation of natural resources can squeeze the above three factors to restrict the economic growth . In turn , the improvement of the above three factors can fill the congenital defects of the resource development activities , and direct them to be the " gospel " of economic growth . Therefore , this paper argues that the exploitation of natural resources is not always the booster of economic growth . The " resource curse " is not the inevitable result of resource development activities . Because of over - reliance on resource development , and the absorptive capacity of resources is still weak , it is the main reason for its " resource curse " . Therefore , to avoid " resource curse " It is necessary to scientifically develop and utilize natural resources rationally , strengthen the accumulation of human capital and promote technological innovation , advance the development of manufacturing industry , accelerate the market - oriented process , improve the level of financial development , and further improve the efficiency of factor collocation through the optimization of industrial structure to make up for the shortage of resource development , and transform the resource advantage into economic advantage .

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124;P962

【共引文献】