中国生态经济可持续发展的保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:41

本文选题：生态经济　切入点：可持续发展　出处：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来,随着工业化的发展和人口的持续增长,人类社会遭遇了一系列前所未有的生态环境问题。我国作为人口大国,尤其是经济高速发展的近几十年来,粗放的经济发展方式导致生态问题日益突出,环境污染严重,2013年席卷大半个中国的雾霾天气已经严重影响了人们的正常生活,可以说是大自然又一次给我们敲响了警钟。多年的生态经济实践并没有使我国生态环境有多大改善的事实,让我们不得不反思问题所在。在此背景下,本文将试图破解这个难题,探索一套能够使生态经济可持续发展的保障机制,以保护我们赖以生存的生态环境。通过对生态经济实践进程的回顾,可以看出,近几十年来,我国从国家规划、法律法规到政策实施方面,都对保护环境、资源等方面进行了一系列的探索和实践。然而,从宏观和生态足迹两个维度对目前的生态状况进行分析之后,发现生态环境问题仍然非常突出,生态赤字持续扩大。这种结果表明我国生态经济的实践思路还有待改进。文章通过对造成这种困境的深层原因的理论剖析,认为生态环境问题的产生有其思想根源、经济根源和科技根源。然后通过引入一个演化博弈模型对生态环境问题进行了动态博弈分析,结果表明,生态环境问题的产生,主要是由于企业违法排放成本太低,因此应该采取一系列措施以加大企业的违法成本和保障环境监管部门的监管主动性。最后在前面原因剖析和演化博弈分析的基础上,提出一套能够使我国生态经济可持续发展的保障机制。要实现可持续发展,必须要转变发展方式、生产方式和生活方式,而这需要一套保障机制来实现。具体的,微观上,企业要提高社会责任意识,个人提高环保意识；宏观上采取一系列措施以增大企业违法排污成本,从而实现绿色发展,具体包括：(1)完善考核机制,彻底改变干部的唯GDP论的政绩观,并加强对环保部门的考核,对其建立合理、有效的奖惩机制；(2)健全环境税收体系,增加企业的排污成本；(3)发挥财政支出的环保作用,支持环保科技和新兴节能产业的发展；(4)发挥金融体系的环保作用,发展绿色金融；(5)完善环保法律、法规,为环保事业保驾护航；(6)提高环保的公众参与度,以加强监督,并且发挥民间环保组织的作用,以平衡当代和后代的利益冲突,力求可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, with the development of industrialization and the sustained growth of population, human society has encountered a series of unprecedented ecological and environmental problems. Extensive economic development mode leads to more and more ecological problems and serious environmental pollution. In 2013, the haze weather sweeping half of China has seriously affected the normal life of people, which can be said to be another wake-up call for us by nature. The fact that the ecological environment of our country has not been greatly improved by years of ecological economic practice has forced us to reflect on the problem. In this context, this paper will try to solve this difficult problem. In order to protect the ecological environment that we depend on, we explore a guarantee mechanism which can make the sustainable development of ecological economy. By reviewing the process of ecological economy practice, we can see that in recent decades, China has carried out a series of exploration and practice on the protection of environment, resources and so on from the aspects of national planning, laws and regulations, and policy implementation. After analyzing the current ecological situation from two dimensions of macro and ecological footprint, it is found that the ecological environment problem is still very prominent and the ecological deficit continues to expand, which indicates that the practical thinking of ecological economy in China needs to be improved. Based on the theoretical analysis of the deep causes of this dilemma, this paper holds that the emergence of ecological environmental problems has its ideological roots. By introducing an evolutionary game model, the dynamic game analysis of ecological environmental problems is made. The results show that the problem of ecological environment is mainly caused by the low cost of illegal emissions. Therefore, we should take a series of measures to increase the illegal cost of enterprises and protect the regulatory initiative of environmental regulatory authorities. To realize sustainable development, we must change the mode of development, the mode of production and the way of life. Enterprises should raise their awareness of social responsibility and personal awareness of environmental protection; macroscopically, they should take a series of measures to increase the cost of illegal pollution discharge by enterprises, so as to achieve green development, including, in particular, improving the assessment mechanism. Thoroughly change the cadre's view of GDP's achievements, and strengthen the assessment of environmental protection departments, and establish a reasonable and effective reward and punishment mechanism for them. (2) improve the environmental tax system, increase the cost of pollutant discharge in enterprises and give full play to the role of environmental protection in fiscal expenditure. Support for the Development of Environmental Protection Science and Technology and the emerging Energy Saving Industry!!! (4) give play to the role of the financial system in environmental protection and develop green finance. (5) perfect environmental protection laws and regulations, and provide protection for environmental protection. (6) increase public participation in environmental protection in order to strengthen supervision. And play the role of civil environmental protection organizations to balance the interests of contemporary and future generations, and strive for sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.5

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