中国城市空气质量时空演化特征及社会经济驱动力

发布时间：2018-04-15 09:02

本文选题：城市空气质量 + 时空演化　；参考：《地理学报》2016年08期

【摘要】：城市空气污染是中国在快速城镇化和经济发展过程中亟待解决的难题。利用2013年和2014年全国城市空气质量数据,综合Arc GIS空间分析和统计分析,从年度、季节、月份、小时4个时间尺度比较归纳了全国城市空气质量的时空间演化特征,并采用空间计量模型,从全国和区域两个空间尺度,量化分析了城市空气质量变化的社会经济驱动力。结果表明:(1)全国城市空气质量全年达标天数比例增加,但空气污染程度加重,高污染区域恶化态势明显;(2)城市空气质量与生产生活活动表现出一定的时间耦合性,基本呈现"日出趋差、日落趋优"的态势;(3)全国城市空气污染表现出"东重西轻、北重南轻"的空间格局,区域一体化态势明显;(4)区域城市空气污染的总体程度和分布结构具有明显的分异特征,区域空气污染形成和演化路径可基本归纳为:"重点城市污染加重—重点城市污染扩散—区域整体污染加重—重点城市引领治污—区域污染联防联控—区域整体污染减轻";(5)从全国层面看,能源消耗、工业化和技术进步是推动城市空气质量恶化的重要因素,经济发展对城市空气质量改善具有显著的推动作用。(6)受各地区资源环境基础和社会经济发展阶段影响,各类社会经济因素对城市空气质量改善的驱动方向和驱动强度差异明显。在结论的基础上,讨论了中国经济发展和环境变化关系的区域分异以及发展理念。
[Abstract]:Urban air pollution is an urgent problem in the process of rapid urbanization and economic development in China.Based on the data of urban air quality in China in 2013 and 2014, combined with Arc GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of urban air quality in China were summarized according to the time scales of year, season, month and hour.The social and economic driving forces of urban air quality change are analyzed quantitatively by using the spatial metrological model and the national and regional spatial scales.The results showed that the proportion of days of urban air quality reaching the standard increased, but the degree of air pollution increased, and the deterioration trend of high pollution areas was obvious. 2) the urban air quality showed a certain time coupling with production and life activities.The basic trend of "worse sunrise and better sunset" is that air pollution in cities across the country shows a spatial pattern of "light from east to west, and from north to south".(4) the overall degree and distribution structure of air pollution in regional cities have distinct characteristics.The path of formation and evolution of regional air pollution can be summarized as follows: "pollution aggravation in key cities-pollution diffusion in key cities-aggravation of overall regional pollution-leading pollution control by key cities-joint control of regional pollution-regional pollution as a wholeFrom the national level,Energy consumption, industrialization and technological progress are important factors to promote the deterioration of urban air quality. Economic development plays a significant role in promoting the improvement of urban air quality.The driving direction and driving intensity of all kinds of social and economic factors on urban air quality improvement are obvious.Based on the conclusion, the regional differentiation and development concept of the relationship between economic development and environmental change in China are discussed.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430636) 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC790056)~~
【分类号】：F124;X51

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