哈萨克斯坦的石油产业与经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 22:40

本文选题：石油部门 + 经济发展　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：哈萨克斯坦是世界上最大的石油生产和出口国家之一,该国的能源部门已经成为了国内最核心的产业。哈萨克斯坦从前苏联独立已经有20余年的历史,得益于其丰富的石油储藏,其源源不断的室友收入带动了该国经济的迅速发展。目前哈萨克斯坦已经成为中亚地区最具实力,也较为富有的国家。根据目前的勘探数据来看,哈萨克斯坦储油大约300亿桶,同时出产丰富且高质量的天然气,这就保证了石油部门在未来一段时间仍旧可以给国家带来巨额的财富,保持重要工业的地位。但是从另外一方面看,尽管哈萨克斯坦已经独立了20年,其政治体制,对外开放程度,国内经济结构和出口贸易仍然面临较多的问题。通过本文的研究,我们发现哈萨克斯坦尽管在经济发展上取得了不错的成绩,但是其经济仍然面临诸如经济结构失衡,去工业化趋势明显,高质量人力资本的积累欠缺,对外贸易结构不平衡,汇率在石油部门繁荣期内升值的问题。综合所有这些问题,通过数据证明目前哈萨克斯坦已经患上所谓的“荷兰病”,尽管问题并不特别严重。为了有效的遏制荷兰病,防止丰富的石油资源成为哈萨克斯坦的一种资源诅咒,本文结合经济理论和目前已经采取的措施,认为哈萨克斯坦可以采用(或已经采用)如下的方式来解决荷兰病的问题：成立国家主权财富基金NFRK,合理配置财富；经济多元化战略,拜托对石油行业的过度依赖；深化开放,改革国际贸易产品结构；制定2030和2050国家长远规划,发展可持续的国民经济。尽管面临困难,但是本文仍旧对哈萨克斯坦的的远期发展持有积极的态度,通过本文的研究我们相信石油部门的发展和经济的增长两者的关系将会变为相辅相成,共同促进的关系。
[Abstract]:Kazakhstan is one of the world's largest oil producers and exporters, and its energy sector has become the country's core industry. Kazakhstan has been independent from the former Soviet Union for more than 20 years, thanks to its rich oil reserves, and its steady income from roommates has driven the country's rapid economic growth. Kazakhstan has become the most powerful and wealthier country in Central Asia. According to current exploration data, Kazakhstan stores about 30 billion barrels of oil while producing rich and high-quality natural gas, which ensures that the oil sector will continue to bring huge wealth to the country for some time to come. Maintain the position of an important industry. But on the other hand, although Kazakhstan has been independent for 20 years, its political system, openness, domestic economic structure and export trade still face more problems. Through the research in this paper, we find that although Kazakhstan has made good achievements in economic development, its economy still faces such as economic structure imbalance, the trend of deindustrialization is obvious, and the accumulation of high-quality human capital is lacking. The structure of foreign trade is unbalanced and the exchange rate appreciated during the boom in the oil sector. Taken together, data show that Kazakhstan is suffering from what is called Dutch disease, though not particularly serious. In order to effectively contain Dutch disease and prevent rich oil resources from becoming a resource curse in Kazakhstan, this paper combines economic theory with measures that have been taken at present. Considering that Kazakhstan can (or has already adopted) the following ways to solve the problem of Dutch disease: the establishment of the National Sovereign Wealth Fund NFRK, the rational allocation of wealth, the strategy of economic diversification, the over-dependence on the oil industry, and the deepening of the opening up, To reform the product structure of international trade and formulate long-term plans for 2030 and 2050 countries to develop a sustainable national economy. Despite the difficulties, this paper still has a positive attitude towards the long-term development of Kazakhstan. Through this study, we believe that the relationship between the development of the oil sector and economic growth will become complementary. A mutually facilitated relationship
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F416.22;F136.1

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