广东省社会经济与资源环境协调发展研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 10:19

【摘要】：20世纪60年代以来，经济社会发展对资源环境造成的压力日益增大，受其约束越来越明显。可持续发展理念应运而生，得到全球各国家和地区认可，可持续发展战略在越来越多的地区得到实施。区域自然条件与发展水平的差异导致不同区域实施可持续发展战略的不同，区域可持续发展水平科学测评是实施可持续发展战略的前提。广东省作为我国改革开放的排头兵，经济总量实现跨越式增长，同时，，资源能源过度消耗导致自然环境质量下降，面临的生态环境挑战越来越严峻。在当今建设生态文明的大背景下，两型社会建设与低碳经济兴起给广东可持续发展提出新的要求。广东该如何实施可持续发展战略，践行科学发展，是一个新的时代命题，也是广东迎接挑战改革再出发的起点。本研究系统总结广东经济社会发展历程，分析资源利用与环境变化轨迹，指出其可持续发展面临的总体态势。采用能值改进生态足迹理论方法，重新构建可持续发展协调度评价指标体系，利用基于主成分分析法的协调度模型，分别对广东经济社会发展的生态承载力情况及经济、社会与资源环境复合系统及其内部子系统协调发展水平进行测评，从而有针对性提出可持续发展调控策略。本研究可为广东省实施可持续发展战略提供理论指导，同时对我国其它地区的可持续发展也有理论借鉴意义。广东省改革开放先行一步，取得重大经济成就，经济总量蝉联25年居全国各省第一位；产业结构历经多次调整，工业结构调整成效显著，重化工产业逐步占据主导地位。广东经济快速发展吸引大量外来人口，推动城镇化水平提高。人口分布密度与经济发展水平密切相关，经济发达的珠三角地区是吸纳外来人口的重要区域。广东省土地及水资源利用及其结构类型的变化主要受经济社会发展驱动。建设用地面积不断扩张导致耕地面积锐减，珠三角经济发达地区建设用地面积占全省同类用地面积比重高。与此同时，广东省用水总量不断增加，结构发生巨大变化，农业用水不断减少，生活用水持续增加，工业用水量总体上升。广东粗放的经济增长方式带来大量废弃物排放，造成严重环境污染，随着广东环保力度不断加大，总体环境质量有了明显好转，同时，工业结构以煤炭、石油为主的能源结构难以在短期内发生根本改变，工业结构性污染问题较为突出，节能减排压力大。工业化、城镇化进程的加快更加剧了生活能源的消耗以及生活废弃物的排放，环保工作仍面临巨大的压力和挑战。改进的能值生态足迹模型考虑了人的生产能力提供的承载力，据此测算的结果显示广东省整个生态经济系统处于可持续发展状态。广东省2000年以来生态赤字先扩大后缩小，2005年变为生态盈余状态，且生态盈余不断增大。这主要归功于广东省充分利用经济优势，通过贸易等弥补了生态承载力的缺陷。广东省生态足迹各账户情况如下：生物产品账户的人均生态足迹已经趋于稳定，生物产品的人均生态承载力不断减少。能源账户显示，能源消耗总量不断增加，电力消费最为突出，汽油消耗量增长较快。废弃物账户中，固体废弃物排放的人均生态足迹最小，废水人均生态足迹最大，其次是生活垃圾和废气。工业增加值、劳务和进出口账户的承载力不断增加，工业增加值对应的承载力最大，进出口差额人均承载力不断增加。与全国相比，广东省能源账户、废弃物账户的人均消费生态足迹都明显高于全国生态足迹平均水平。广东省经济、社会、资源环境复合系统及其各子系统可持续发展协调度测评得分结果显示：广东省各系统以及复合系统的建设发展能力在逐步提高。广东经济、社会与资源环境复合系统的协调发展历程可分成三个阶段：第一阶段是2000-2004年，各子系统的综合得分与复合系统协调综合得分都较低，各系统之间的协调水平低；第二阶段是2005-2007年，各系统的综合得分较低，但协调性开始转好；第三阶段2008-2012年，各系统得分较高，且协调性好。与全国可持续发展协调性水平比较发现，2000年-2007年，广东省经济、社会、环境复合系统的协调性得分高于全国，2008-2012年，广东省协调性得分低于全国平均水平。其中，广东省经济和环境系统总体优于全国，但优势在减弱，社会系统得分2006年以来低于全国平均水平。未来广东省可持续发展应大力发展低能耗、低污染的工业，不断提高产业结构优化和升级对提高区域承载力的贡献水平，同时保证经济、社会与资源环境复合系统协调发展，在经济快速增长的同时，保证社会发展及资源环境保护同步进行。具体可通过促进绿色生产、倡导生态消费，减少生态足迹；加强环境保护、提升生态系统稳定性，增大生态承载力；增强经济、社会、环境系统综合发展能力，提高协调水平。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, the economic and social development has caused more and more pressure on the resources and environment. The concept of sustainable development came into being, which has been recognized by all countries and regions around the world. The strategy of sustainable development is implemented in more and more regions. The differences in regional natural conditions and development levels lead to different areas. The regional sustainable development strategy is different. The scientific evaluation of the level of regional sustainable development is the prerequisite for the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. As the leader of China's reform and opening up, Guangdong province has achieved great economic aggregate growth. At the same time, the excessive consumption of resources and energy leads to the decline in the quality of natural environment, and the ecological environment challenges are becoming more and more challenging. Under the background of the construction of ecological civilization today, the two type of social construction and the rise of low carbon economy put forward new requirements for the sustainable development of Guangdong. How to implement the sustainable development strategy and practice the scientific development in Guangdong is a new era proposition and also the starting point for Guangdong to meet the challenge reform. This research system summarizes Guangdong. The course of economic and social development, analyses the track of resource utilization and environment change, points out the overall situation of its sustainable development, uses the method of improving the ecological footprint of the energy value, reconstructs the evaluation index system of the coordination degree of sustainable development, and makes use of the co scheduling model based on the principal component analysis, and respectively to the economic and social development of Guangdong. The situation of state bearing capacity and economy, the coordinated development level of the social and resource environment complex system and its internal subsystems are evaluated, and the strategy of sustainable development regulation is put forward. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of sustainable development strategy in Guangdong Province, and also have a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of other areas in China. Significance.
The reform and opening to the outside world in Guangdong has made great economic achievements. The total economic total has been the first in all the provinces in China for 25 years. The industrial structure has been adjusted many times and the industrial structure has been adjusted significantly. The heavy chemical industry has gradually dominated the industrial structure. The rapid economic development of Guangdong has attracted a large number of foreign population and promoted the level of urbanization. Population points. The density of cloth is closely related to the level of economic development. The economically developed Pearl River Delta region is an important area to attract foreign population.
The use of land and water resources in Guangdong province and the change of its structure type are mainly driven by the economic and social development. The area of the construction land has been expanding sharply, and the area of the construction land in the economically developed areas of the Pearl River Delta is high. At the same time, the total amount of water in Guangdong is increasing and the structure has changed greatly. The water consumption of agriculture is decreasing, the water consumption is increasing continuously and the industrial water consumption is increasing in general. The extensive economic growth mode of Guangdong has brought a large amount of waste discharge, causing serious environmental pollution. With the continuous increase of environmental protection in Guangdong, the overall environmental quality has improved obviously. Meanwhile, the structure of the industrial structure is coal and oil based energy structure. It is difficult to change fundamentally in the short term. The problem of industrial structural pollution is more prominent, and the pressure of energy saving and emission reduction is great. Industrialization, the accelerated process of urbanization has aggravated the consumption of living energy and the discharge of living waste, and the environmental protection work still faces great pressure and challenge.
The improved energy value ecological footprint model considers the bearing capacity provided by human production capacity. According to this, the results show that the whole ecological economic system in Guangdong is in the state of sustainable development. Since 2000, the ecological deficit of Guangdong province has expanded first and then narrowed, and in 2005 it has become an ecological surplus state, and the ecological surplus is increasing. This is mainly due to the fact that the ecological surplus is increasing. Guangdong province makes full use of economic advantages and makes up for the defects of ecological carrying capacity through trade. The ecological footprint accounts of Guangdong province are as follows: the per capita ecological footprint of biological products accounts has become stable, and the per capita ecological carrying capacity of biological products is decreasing continuously. Energy accounts show, the total energy consumption is increasing, electricity consumption is increasing. Most prominent, the consumption of gasoline has increased rapidly. In the waste account, the per capita ecological footprint of solid waste emissions is the smallest, the per capita ecological footprint of waste water is the largest, followed by domestic waste and waste gas. Industrial added value, the increasing carrying capacity of labor and import and export accounts, the largest bearing capacity corresponding to industrial added value, and the difference per capita of import and export. Compared with the whole country, the per capita consumption ecological footprint of Guangdong energy account and waste account is obviously higher than the national average ecological footprint.
The results of Guangdong province economic, social, resource environment complex system and its subsystems' sustainable development coordination degree evaluation results show that the construction and development ability of various systems and complex systems in Guangdong province is gradually increasing. The development process of Guangdong economy, social and resource environment complex system can be divided into three stages: the first stage is 2000 In -2004, the comprehensive scores of the subsystems and the complex system were low and the coordination level between the systems was low; the second stage was 2005-2007 years, the overall score of the systems was low, but the coordination began to turn better; the third stage 2008-2012 years, the system scores were higher, and the coordination was good. Coordination with the national sustainable development. It was found that the coordination score of the economic, social and environmental systems in Guangdong province was higher than that of the whole country in the year of -2007 in 2000. In 2008-2012 years, the coordination score of Guangdong province was lower than the national average. Among them, the economic and environmental system in Guangdong was better than the whole country, but the advantage was weakened, and the social system score was lower than the national average since 2006.
In the future, the sustainable development of Guangdong province should vigorously develop low energy consumption, low pollution industry, continuously improve the contribution level of industrial structure optimization and upgrading to the improvement of regional carrying capacity, and ensure the coordinated development of the economic, social and resource environment complex system, and ensure the synchronization of social development and resource and environmental protection in the same time of rapid economic growth. By promoting green production, promoting ecological consumption, reducing ecological footprint, strengthening environmental protection, enhancing the stability of the ecosystem, increasing the ecological carrying capacity, strengthening the comprehensive development capacity of the economic, social and environmental systems, and improving the level of coordination.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X2;F127

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