社会资本、收入差距与农村公共产品可获性

发布时间：2018-10-29 23:05

【摘要】：农村公共产品是农村经济发展的助推器,农村地区对经济发展的要求越迫切,对公共产品的需求也就越大。但是由于城乡资源分配不均和供给模式的原因,农村地区的公共产品供给始终难以满足发展的需要,甚至在部分农村地区,有些农户根本不能享受到或者不能平等享受到农村公共产品,导致农村公共产品可获性比较低。在总体供给不足的背景下,农村公共产品可获性又比较低,将在很大程度上影响农村的发展。因此探究影响农村公共产品可获性的因素,提高可获性水平,对于保障农户公平发展的权益、提高供给效果都是极具现实意义的。理论和实践证明,社会资本在很大程度上可以影响农户的维权行动和维权效果;农村地区收入差距的大小,也会影响资源在不同收入人群中的分配,进而影响农户的权益。而农村公共产品可获性本质上作为农户的一种权益,势必会受到来自社会资本和收入差距因素的影响。因此本文基于社会资本和收入差距的视角,研究农村公共产品可获性。本文首先介绍了整体的研究思路和方法,随后界定了农村公共产品、社会资本、收入差距以及农村公共产品可获性四者的定义,并构建了本文的理论框架,具体阐述了社会资本、收入差距对农村公共产品可获性的影响机制。然后在对社会资本和收入差距不同测度方法比较分析的基础上,本文将社会资本分成社会网络、社会信任和集体行动,分别采用单一指标进行表征,以基尼系数来表征收入差距,以是否能享受到本村公共产品来表征可获性,并选取了村庄层、家庭层和农户层的控制变量,提出研究假设,建立二元Logit方程,利用课题组2015年7月到8月对河南、陕西、宁夏、内蒙古和山东五省100个村庄的调研数据,在Stata12.0软件中进行社会资本、收入差距以及两者的交互项对农村公共产品可获性影响的实证分析,并对实证结果做了稳健性检验。最后根据实证结论提出政策与建议。通过数据和实证分析,本文发现:(1)农户的社会资本整体较薄弱,其中社会网络和集体行动得分偏低,而社会信任得分最高。82%的被调查村庄基尼系数处于0.2到0.4的可控区间。(2)被调查地区有9.5%的农户可获性水平较低,其中对道路交通和水利设施的可获性水平最低。(3)社会网络对农村公共产品可获性有显著负影响,集体行动有显著正影响,社会信任影响不显著,社会资本总体对可获性的正影响主要通过提升农户的集体行动意识来实现。收入差距对可获性有显著负向影响。(4)社会资本总量与收入差距之间有微弱的交互作用,两者之间存在互相抑制的作用,并且交互作用对社会资本的影响要大于对收入差距的影响。
[Abstract]:Rural public goods is the booster of rural economic development. The more urgent the demand for economic development in rural areas, the greater the demand for public goods. However, due to the uneven distribution of resources between urban and rural areas and the supply pattern, the supply of public goods in rural areas has always been difficult to meet the needs of development, even in some rural areas. Some farmers simply can not enjoy or can not enjoy rural public goods, resulting in low availability of rural public goods. Under the background of insufficient overall supply, the availability of public goods in rural areas is low, which will affect the development of rural areas to a great extent. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the factors that affect the availability of rural public goods and improve the level of accessibility, which is of great practical significance for ensuring the fair development of farmers' rights and interests and improving the effect of supply. The theory and practice prove that social capital can influence peasant household's action and effect of protecting rights to a great extent, and the size of income gap in rural areas will also affect the distribution of resources among different income groups, and then affect the rights and interests of farmers. As a kind of farmers' rights and interests, the availability of rural public goods is bound to be influenced by the factors of social capital and income gap. Therefore, based on the perspective of social capital and income gap, this paper studies the availability of rural public goods. This paper first introduces the overall research ideas and methods, then defines the four definitions of rural public goods, social capital, income gap and the availability of rural public goods, and constructs the theoretical framework of this paper. The influence mechanism of social capital and income gap on the availability of rural public goods is expounded in detail. Then on the basis of comparative analysis of different measurement methods of social capital and income gap, this paper divides social capital into social network, social trust and collective action, which are represented by a single index. The Gini coefficient is used to characterize the income gap, and the availability of the village public goods is represented. The control variables of village, family and farmer are selected, and the research hypothesis is put forward, and the binary Logit equation is established. Using the survey data of 100 villages in Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Shandong provinces from July to August 2015, social capital is carried out in Stata12.0 software. An empirical analysis of the impact of income gap and their interactions on the availability of rural public goods is made, and a robust test of the empirical results is made. Finally, according to the empirical conclusions of the policy and recommendations. Through data and empirical analysis, this paper finds that: (1) the whole social capital of farmers is relatively weak, in which social network and collective action score is low, The highest score of social trust was between 0.2 and 0.4 in the Gini coefficient of 82% of the villages surveyed. (2) there were 9.5% of the farmers in the investigated area who had a low level of availability, and the Gini coefficient was in the range of 0.2 to 0.4. Among them, the level of accessibility to road traffic and water conservancy facilities is the lowest. (3) the social network has a significant negative impact on the availability of rural public goods, a significant positive impact on collective action, and no significant impact on social trust. The overall positive impact of social capital on availability is mainly achieved by enhancing farmers' collective action consciousness. Income gap has a significant negative impact on availability. (4) there is a weak interaction between the total amount of social capital and the income gap. And the impact of interaction on social capital is greater than on the income gap.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323;F124.7

【相似文献】