要素价格扭曲、收入分配与消费需求

发布时间：2018-11-04 18:11

【摘要】：近年来,要素价格扭曲、收入分配与消费需求是我国学术界和政府都普遍关注的宏观经济现实和问题。就收入分配而言,我国目前面临着劳动者报酬如何跟上经济的发展,使要素收入分配和居民收入分配都趋于合理化。就消费需求而言,我国自上世纪90年代以来,居民消费需求持续不振已经严重不利于我国经济的发展和转型,造成我国对投资和出口发展模式的依赖越来越严重。就要素价格扭曲而言,资本价格扭曲和劳动价格扭曲的长期居高不下,严重影响了我国经济的发展和经济结构转型。实现资源配置的市场化,避免政府的干预,是我国当前要素市场化改革的关键。本文旨在从理论和实证上理清要素价格扭曲、收入分配与消费需求间的关系,为完善收入分配格局、破解消费需求低迷及转变经济发展方式提供新思路,为推动要素市场化提供理论支撑。研究结论如下：首先构建模型,从理论上分析了要素价格扭曲对收入分配(包括居民收入分配和要素收入分配)与消费需求的影响,分析表明要素价格扭曲加剧了我国的收入分配失衡问题,不利于缓解当前存在的消费需求不足。其次使用生产函数方法,衡量了我国1990-2012年各省的资本、劳动和总的要素价格扭曲程度,分析发现我国要素价格扭曲存在几个重要拐点,即1993年的资本价格扭曲、劳动价格扭曲和总的要素价格扭曲达到了“波峰最高值”；2004年的较小的阶段“波峰最高值”；2008年“波谷阶段最低值”,其中劳动价格扭曲的拐点更是明显。因此我们认为经济改革和重要经济事件、危机等都会对我国要素价格扭曲产生影响。从波动趋势上看,总要素价格扭曲和资本价格扭曲程度在1993年达到“波峰”后就进入了一个长期缓慢下降期,但是在2004年后进入了新的“拐点”开始缓慢上升,2008年后进入较快上升期；劳动价格扭曲长期来看是一种上扬的趋势,虽然也经历了2004年的拐点开始缓慢下降,但是在2008年后又恢复了上升的趋势。第三,对要素价格扭曲与居民收入分配之间的关系进行了检验,结果表明,样本期间内,总要素价格扭曲和资本价格扭曲加剧了我国居民间收入分配的不平衡,而劳动价格扭曲同居民收入分配失衡之间则呈非线性关,遵循倒“U”型演化曲线,即伴随劳动价格扭曲的上升,居民收入分配失衡经历了先拉大后缩小。第四,实证分析了要素价格扭曲和要素收入分配之间的关系,结果表明：1)总的要素价格扭曲同要素收入分配失衡之间呈平滑的U型关系,从散点图可看出多数是处在U型的底部,仅有少数点在右侧,这说明当前总要素价格扭曲对要素收入分配失衡的影响是很弱的,同时也给我们启示,如果未来总的要素价格扭曲降低,很有可能会促进劳动报酬份额的提升,缓解要素价格扭曲的不平衡,二者之间的关系会更多的出现在U型曲线的左侧。2)资本价格扭曲显著促进了劳动报酬份额的上升,有利于缓解要素收入分配失衡。3)劳动价格扭曲显著抑制了我国劳动报酬份额的上升,是要素收入分配失衡的重要原因。第五,实证分析了要素价格扭曲、收入分配对消费需求的影响。研究表明：一是要素价格扭曲特别是劳动价格扭曲的上升显著不利于我国消费水平的提高,是我国近年来消费持续不振的重要原因；劳动报酬份额的上升有利于我国消费需求的提高,说明若能够缓解当前存在的要素收入分配不平衡问题有助于解决消费的持续低迷。二是要素价格扭曲程度的上升扩大了消费与投资之间的差距,不利于消费水平的提高,而劳动报酬份额的上升能够减小消费和投资之间的差距,有助于消费和投资的合理化。最后在理论分析和实证分析的基础上提出本文研究蕴含的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the distortion of factor prices, the distribution of income and the demand of consumption are the macro-economic realities and problems that both academic and government pay attention to. In terms of income distribution, our country is faced with how the worker's remuneration can keep up with the development of economy, so that the distribution of factor income and distribution of income distribution tend to be rationalized. In terms of consumption demand, since the 1990s, our country's consumption demand has been seriously unfavourable to the development and transformation of our country's economy, which has caused the dependence of our country on investment and export development mode more and more serious. In terms of the distortion of factor price, the distortion of capital price and the long-term high labor price distortion have seriously affected the development of our country's economy and the transformation of economic structure. To realize the marketization of resource allocation and avoid the intervention of the government is the key to the market reform of the current factor in our country. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between price distortion, income distribution and consumption demand in theory and demonstration, to provide a new way to improve the distribution pattern of income, to break the downturn of consumption demand and to transform the way of economic development, and to provide theoretical support for promoting the marketization of elements. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the model is constructed, and the influence of the distortion of factor price on income distribution (including distribution of income distribution and distribution of element income) and consumption demand is analyzed theoretically, and the analysis shows that the distortion of the factors contributes to the imbalance of income distribution in our country. The problem is not conducive to the alleviation of the current consumption demand Secondly, we use the production function method to measure the degree of distortion of capital, labor and total factor price in the provinces of China from 1990 to 2012. The analysis finds that there are several important inflection points in the price distortion of Chinese elements, namely, the distortion of capital price in 1993, the distortion of labor price and the total factor price. The lattice warp has reached "peak value of peak; 2004 a smaller stage" Maximum crest value "trough of 2008 The lowest stage, in which the labor price is twisted. The point is more obvious, so we believe that economic reform and important economic events, crises and so on will twist the price of Chinese elements The effect of song generation. On the trend of fluctuation, the distortion of total factor prices and the degree of capital price distortion are 1 1993 reached the" peak "and entered a long-term slow-down period, but in 2004 and then enter The new" inflection point "began to rise slowly and entered a faster rise after 2008; labour price distortions were a trend of upward trend in the long run, although it also experienced a slow decline in 2004, but recovered after 2008 Third, the relationship between the distortion of the price of the elements and the distribution of capital is examined. The results show that the distortion of the total factor price and the distortion of capital price during the period of the sample increase the inter-residents of our country. The imbalance of income distribution, while the labor price distortion is the same as the imbalance between the labor price allocation and the distribution. non-line It follows the" U "type evolution curve, that is, the rise of the distortion of labor price and the imbalance of the distribution of the labor force. Fourth, the relationship between element price distortion and factor income distribution is analyzed empirically. The results show that: 1) The total factor price distortion is in a smooth U-shape relation with the distribution of factor income distribution, and it can be seen that most of the elements are in U-shape. At the bottom, there are only a few points on the right, which shows that the current total factor price distortion is very weak to the factor income distribution imbalance, and also gives us the enlightenment that if the overall factor price distortion is reduced in the future, it is very likely to promote the promotion of the market share, the imbalance of the price distortion of the elements, the relationship between them will appear more in the left side of the U-shaped curve. 2) The distortion of capital price has contributed significantly to the rise of the market share, which is conducive to alleviating the imbalance of income distribution of the element. 3) The labor price distortion is obviously inhibited. The rise of the share of our country's shares is a factor. The important reason for the imbalance of income distribution is the fifth and the empirical analysis of the element prices. The influence of music and income distribution on consumption demand is analyzed. It is shown that the rise of price distortion, especially the distortion of labor price, is not conducive to the improvement of consumption level of our country, which is the important reason for our country's sustained economic decline in recent years. The increase is beneficial to the improvement of consumption demand in our country, which shows that if the current existing factor income distribution is not balanced, The problem helps to solve the persistent downturn of consumption. Second, the increase in the degree of distortion in the price of elements expands the gap between consumption and investment, which is not conducive to the improvement of consumption level, but the increase in the share of shares can reduce the difference between consumption and investment Distance, contributing to the rationalization of consumption and investment. Finally, theoretical analysis and empirical analysis
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F126.1

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