海洋地震数据多次波的压制与衰减

发布时间：2018-02-27 03:28

本文关键词： 海洋地震数据处理多次波的类型多次波的压制组合压制技术　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界经济的高速发展更加强调对能源的依赖和需求,海洋越来越重大的政治经济价值已推动海洋油气资源开发和海洋地质勘查成为新的研究热点。地震勘探依然是寻找海洋油气资源的最主要的方式。在海洋地震勘探的过程中,多次波的存在,不但影响地震成像的真实性和可靠性,而且会使目的层反射波的振幅、频率和相位发生畸变,并且较难辨识,进而干扰地震资料的解释,增大了油气勘探的风险和难度,因此可以认为多次波是海洋地震勘探过程中最主要的干扰波。如何有效的压制和衰减多次波是海洋地震数据处理过程中最主要的课题之一。首先对多次波的成因、分类以及基本特征进行论述和讨论,在此基础上从基本原理、应用条件和适用范围等多个方面全面与详细的归纳并讨论了各种主要的多次波压制与衰减方法。选取某生产探区内的实际海洋地震数据进行试验与研究,根据水深的不同,将探区地震数据分为深水区和浅水区两种情况分别进行讨论。水深的不同决定了发育的多次波类型也就有所差异,因此应用的压制与衰减方法也会有所区别。对多次波实际应用各种压制与衰减方法之前,对原始地震数据的频谱、速度谱-道集、初叠加数据、单炮以及自相关结果进行初步的分析与研究,通过分析可以确定,深水区多次波的类型主要为:反射多次波、绕射多次波;浅水区多次波的类型主要为:海底全程多次波、层间多次波、鸣震。目前,出现了多种针对多次波的压制与衰减技术,但每种方法都有各自的应用条件和适用范围,没有一种方法能够单独的对各种多次波类型实现彻底有效的压制与衰减。因此,根据不同方法的应用条件和适用范围,针对试验探区多次波发育的具体类型,进行多次波压制与衰减技术的组合应用,是一种较为理想的解决方案。应用在深水区的组合压制技术为:SRME(与自由表面有关的多次波压制与衰减技术)、高精度Radon变换、自动分频去噪压制绕射多次波;应用在浅水区的组合压制技术为:TAU-P域反褶积技术、高精度Radon变换。通过对比试验区海洋地震资料的单炮、速度谱-道集以及叠加数据在应用各种多次波压制与衰减方法前后的实际效果,进一步论述和证明各种多次波压制与衰减方法的内容和特点,检验它们的实际应用效果。最终得到的结论认为在海洋地震数据处理的过程中各种类型的多次波干扰一般都异常发育且具有较强的能量,压制与衰减多次波一直是海洋地震资料处理的核心环节与关键步骤,已有的方法很多,但不同的方法基于不同的理论,具有不同的应用条件和应用范围。采用单一的方法,往往不能适用于所有类型的多次波,因此在分析海洋多次波的具体类型与特征、研究并识别多次波与一次波区别和差异的基础上,针对不同类型多次波的不同特征合理地选取压制与衰减多次波的具体方法,总结出一套成熟有效的压制与衰减海洋地震数据多次波的组合技术方案。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the world economy and more emphasis on the energy dependence and demand, the ocean becomes more and more serious political and economic value has been promoting the development of offshore oil and gas resources and marine geological exploration has become a new research topic. Seismic exploration is still the main search for offshore oil and gas resources type. In the process of marine seismic exploration in many times the existence of the wave, not only affects the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging, and the amplitude of objective reflection wave, frequency and phase distortion, and difficult to identify, and interfere with the interpretation of seismic data, increased the risk and difficulty of oil and gas exploration, so that the multiple is in the process of marine seismic exploration the main interference wave. How to effectively suppress and multiple wave attenuation is one of the most important issues in marine seismic data processing. The first cause of multiple wave, the characteristics and classification of base Are discussed on the basis of many aspects from the basic principle, application condition and range of comprehensive and detailed summarized and discussed the main kinds of multiples and attenuation method. Test and study the actual marine seismic data of a production in the area, according to the different water depth, the area seismic data deep water and shallow water are respectively discussed. Two types of water depth determines the different development multiples are different, therefore the application of repression and attenuation methods will be different. Prior to pressing and multiple attenuation methods in various practical applications, the spectrum of the original seismic data, velocity spectrum collection at the beginning, stack data, and single shot autocorrelation results were analyzed and studied, through the analysis can determine the type of multiple wave, the deepwater area mainly: multiple waves, multiple wave diffraction; The type of shallow water wave repeatedly mainly: the whole bottom multiples multiples singing. At present, there are many for the suppression of multiple waves and attenuation, but each method has their application conditions and scope of application, there is no way to separate the various types of multiples to achieve completely suppressed and attenuation. Therefore, according to the application conditions of different methods and applicable scope, specific types of test in multiples, combined application of multiple attenuation and attenuation technology, is a solution to the ideal case. The application in the deep water zone combined suppression technology: SRME (related to the free surface multiples and attenuation), high precision Radon transform denoising to suppress multiple wave diffraction automatic frequency divider in the shallow water area; application of combined suppression technique: TAU-P domain deconvolution technique, high precision by Radon transform. Comparison of test area of marine seismic data of single shot, speed spectrum gathers and stack data before and after the application of various multiples and attenuation method of actual effect, and further discusses the contents and characteristics of all kinds of proof multiples and attenuation method, test their practical application. The final conclusion that in the process of the ocean seismic data processing in various types of multiple wave interference generally abnormal development and has strong energy, and suppression of multiple wave attenuation is a key link and key step in marine seismic data processing, many existing methods, but different methods based on different theories have different application conditions and scope of application. By using single the method is often not applicable to all types of multiples, so in the analysis of the specific types and characteristics of marine multi wave, research and identification of multiple and primary Based on the difference and difference of waves, according to the different characteristics of different types of multiple waves, we select the specific methods of suppressing and attenuating multiple waves reasonably, and conclude a set of mature and effective combination technology scheme for suppression and attenuation of marine seismic data.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.14

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