论石油美元机制与美国霸权的构建

发布时间：2018-04-28 14:20

本文选题：石油美元机制 + 美国霸权　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：对美国霸权的认知和评价是战后国际关系研究的主线议题之一,围绕着美国如何建立和运作霸权体系,不同的角度和层次的研究都给出了各自的结论。无论是福山的“历史终结论”还是基欧汉等学者的“美国衰落论”,都被美国霸权体系下的国际关系发展所证伪。区别于历史上的其他霸权国家,美国对国际制度的建构、利用和掌握不断娴熟,最终将权力嵌入国际制度中,形成了一套有别于既往霸权的制度化霸权模式。甚至可以概括的说,美国的霸权是伴随着其所主导的国际制度逐渐得以构建和巩固的。在美国主导和建立的各项国际制度中,尤以国际经济制度居于十分重要和突出的地位。特别是20世纪50年代以来,以石油美元机制为代表的一系列开创性制度,对美国世界霸权的构建发挥了无可替代的基础性作用,其深远影响一直延续到当今的国际政治经济领域。石油美元机制以美国对石油和美元的战略性垄断为基础,通过一系列国际制度和国际协调,建立起了一个涵盖政治、经济、军事、文化等各个领域的全球霸权体系。而石油美元机制即是美国霸权体系的产物,又塑造了美国的能源霸权、地缘政治霸权和金融霸权,以石油美元机制为切入点,回溯和梳理美国如何主导国际政治与经济制度的形成和发展、发挥怎样的作用,复盘美国霸权透过石油美元机制完成建构的过程,对于进一步深入理解美国霸权的历史沿革和现实影响都具有重要意义。另一方面,随着中国的综合国力和国际地位的不断提高,作为国际社会负责任的一员,中国应当以何种姿态和方式利用国际制度,参与国际合作,合理的维护和发展国家利益,也是在国际政治经济格局由一超多强向多极格局过渡的时代背景下中国参与和构建国际制度时一个值得慎重思考的问题。石油美元机制形成和发展中的经验和教训或可成为中国未来战略选择的殷鉴。
[Abstract]:The cognition and evaluation of American hegemony is one of the main topics in the study of postwar international relations. Both Fukuyama's "the end of History" and the scholars'"American decline" are proved false by the development of international relations under the American hegemonic system. Different from other hegemonic countries in history, the United States used and mastered the international system skillfully, and finally embedded power in the international system, forming a set of institutional hegemony mode different from previous hegemony. To sum up, American hegemony is gradually constructed and consolidated with its dominant international system. The international economic system plays a very important and prominent role in the international system dominated and established by the United States. In particular, since the 1950s, a series of pioneering systems, represented by the petrodollars mechanism, have played an irreplaceable fundamental role in the construction of the world hegemony of the United States. Its profound influence has been extended to the current international political and economic field. The petrodollars mechanism is based on the strategic monopoly of the United States on oil and dollars. Through a series of international institutions and international coordination, a global hegemonic system covering political, economic, military, cultural and other fields has been established. The petrodollars mechanism is not only the product of the American hegemony system, but also shapes the US energy hegemony, geopolitical hegemony and financial hegemony, taking the petrodollars mechanism as the starting point. Looking back and combing how the United States led the formation and development of the international political and economic system and what role it played, and reviewing the process of the US hegemony completing its construction through the petrodollars mechanism, It is of great significance to further understand the historical evolution and realistic influence of American hegemony. On the other hand, with the continuous improvement of China's overall national strength and international status, as a responsible member of the international community, what kind of posture and means should China take to make use of the international system, participate in international cooperation, and rationally safeguard and develop national interests? It is also a problem worthy of careful consideration when China participates in and constructs the international system under the background of the transition of the international political and economic structure from a super-strong to a multi-polar pattern. The experiences and lessons in the formation and development of petrodollars mechanism may serve as a lesson for China's future strategic choice.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F416.22;F827.12

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