吉林市城市居民参与体育活动现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 00:21

本文选题：吉林市城市居民 + 体育活动　；参考：《延边大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会是政治、经济、科技、文化高度发展的社会。政治、经济的飞速发展,加快了科技的进步、都市化的进程,促进了人们生活水平的提高,改变着人们的生活方式。人们在享受着这种优越的生活同时,也给身心健康带来了不利的影响,生活空间狭小,城市工业化,交通和通讯的现代化,大大减少了人们的走路的机会,体力活动的减少,竞争的加剧、生活节奏的加快,人们经常处于高度紧张的状态之中,精神上承受着很大的压力,这种环境与现代社会生活方式的急剧变化,造成了现代人的机体结构和机能(身体、精神、心理)与社会环境之间产生了不平衡,出现了心理压抑综合症、高血压、冠心病、肥胖症等现代文明病,严重的威胁着人们的健康和生命。长期以来,很多人逐渐的步入到了“亚健康”状态。城市居民作为一个城市主导者,他们的身体健康水平与这座城市政治、经济、文化等发展息息相关。因此,提高城市居民整体的身心健康水平,促进城市居民拥有良好的身体状况,饱满的精神状态是非常重要的。参与体育活动来增进健康是最直接、最有效的途径。如何加强居民的参与体育活动的意识,提高居民对体育的正确认识,寻找居民参与体育活动的种种困难,解决居民参与体育活动的各项问题是摆在我们面前的首要问题。在生活节奏逐渐加快的社会中,城市居民体育活动的参与情况也逐渐的受到了人们的关注,本论文主要采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、访问调查法、特尔菲法、数理统计法等研究方法,对吉林市船营区、昌邑区、龙潭区、丰满区等4个辖区的千余名居民进行了抽样调查,第一,对吉林市城市居民体育活动参与现状进行分析,包括以下几个方面：不同性别、不同年龄、不同职业城市居民参与体育活动情况、城市居民体育项目的选择、活动场所、活动的形式、活动的频数、持续时间、时间安排及指导员情况、影响城市居民参与体育活动的因素。调查结果显示,男性多于女性,男性居民和女性居民的分布总体成随年龄增长而逐步高的趋势,但是还是有些细微的差异。在体育活动参与的人群中,除科教人员和服务人员两类的女性参与人数高于男性以外,其他各行业人群均是男性高于女性,而且最为显著的是管理人员和无职业人群,在不同性别人群参与体育项目现状上看,反映出了“性别文化”的差异。城市居民对体育项目的性别偏好还是比较明显。居民大多会选择一些离家近的室外场所,有同伴的情况下进行锻炼。城市居民参与体育活动的现状不容乐观,表现在生活压力大,休闲时间少,经济负担重,居民周边的消费低、公益性的体育健身场馆少,专业的社会体育指导员参与指导工作的少,健身器材配建结构不完善,健身形式多属于集体形式；在体育态度上显示居民尝试了正确的体育认知,积极的体育情感,但是行为意向方面相对于前两者相比较弱等。影响城市居民参与体育活动的因素有：性别差异是影响城市居民体育参与程度不同的重要因素；工作压力大,工作和锻炼存在着矛盾,时间成了最主要的问题；城市居民体育意识薄弱、周围缺乏体育锻炼氛围,缺乏专人指导。各个年龄段中男性的体育态度均值高于女性,女性居民可能受到一些外在因素和内在因素的影响,例如余暇观念、余暇时间、场地器材、生活水平等等诸多因素。在城市居民不同学历的体育态度均值比较中,城市居民体育态度均值随着学历不同程度的提高而逐渐的提高,男性体育态度水平远远高于女性。建议政府相关部门大力宣传和推进保护群众体育发展的各项政策法规,结合吉林市的实际情况,制定总体发展规划,按时间分段,因时因地制定适合的方案。建立扶持、帮助制度；建立定期检查,随时抽查的机制；建立完善的奖惩制度；积极组织各级比赛,为城市居民参与体育比赛提供平台；加强社会体育指导员队伍建设；充分发挥体育总会作用,调动总会及各级协会的积极性；兴建居民身边的体育场馆；科学配建全民健身器材。为吉林市城市居民提供科学、健康、实用、绿色的体育健身环境。
[Abstract]:The modern society is a society of political , economic , scientific and cultural development . The rapid development of politics and economy has accelerated the progress of science and technology and the process of urbanization .

In the society in which the pace of life gradually accelerates , the participation of urban residents ' sports activities has gradually been paid attention . The paper mainly adopts the methods of literature , questionnaire , interview survey , special Delphi method and mathematical statistics . First , it analyzes the present situation of the participation of urban residents in Jilin city , Changyi district , Longtan district and Fengman district , and includes the following aspects : different genders , different ages , different occupation city residents ' participation in sports activities , selection of sports items of urban residents , the form of activities , frequency , duration , time arrangement and instructor situation of the activities , and the factors that affect the participation of urban residents in sports activities .

The survey results show that there are more males than females , and the distribution of male and female residents is generally higher than that of males , but there are slight differences .
In the sports attitude , the residents tried the correct physical cognition and positive physical emotion , but the behavior intention was relatively weak with respect to the former two . The factors that affect the participation of the city residents in sports activities are : the gender difference is the important factor that affects the degree of participation of the city residents ;
There is a contradiction between the work pressure , the work and the exercise , and the time is the main problem ;
The sports consciousness of the urban residents is weak , the surrounding lack of physical exercise atmosphere , lack of special personnel guidance .

The average sports attitude of male in all ages is higher than that of female , female residents may be influenced by factors and internal factors , such as leisure concept , spare time , field equipment , living standard and so on .

It is suggested that the relevant departments of the government should vigorously promote and advance the policies and regulations for the protection of the development of mass sports , formulate the overall development plan according to the actual situation of Jilin City , formulate appropriate schemes according to time , and establish an enabling and help system ;
Establish a regular check - up mechanism and check the mechanism at any time ;
Establish a perfect reward and punishment system ;
Actively organize competitions at all levels and provide the platform for the participation of urban residents in sports competitions ;
Strengthening the construction of social sports instructor team ;
Give full play to the role of sports associations , arouse the enthusiasm of associations and associations at all levels ;
the construction of the sports venues around the residents ;
To provide scientific , healthy , practical and green sports fitness environment for the urban residents of Jilin City .
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G812.4

【参考文献】