中国小冰期气候环境记录的区域性特征及成因分析

发布时间：2018-06-07 22:28

本文选题：小冰期冷波段 + 气候记录　；参考：《江西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候变化研究已然成为各国政治、经济、科学等多个领域关注的主要内容之一。在20世纪的最后20年中，全球变化区域相应研究取得了广泛而深刻的进展，全球问题与区域问题的结合更加明确，并达成了共识：全球性问题的研究需要由区域研究来完成；区域性研究必须体现全球问题。同时，集成研究是区域研究成果上升为全球性问题的重要手段。小冰期是距离现在最近的全球性寒冷气候事件，大致由三个冷波动组成。本文通过集成分析国内各区域具有气候或环境的明确指向性、年代分辨率较高，表征气候冷暖干湿等众多气候指标记录，利用Mapinfo追踪、描述、对比分析全国范围内小冰期环境演化特征，宏观地系统地考察中国小冰期以及小冰期内部冷波段的始讫年代和气候特点。结合影响我国气候的主要大气环流：北大西洋涛动、厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜，太平洋年代际振荡，初步探讨了我国冷暖干湿气候格局状况。同时，比较同期南/北大西洋、太平洋、南/北美洲等关键外围区域的气候环境演化信息。系统阐述我国小冰期气候事件的表现，探讨其可能的成因机制及社会影响。研究认为：（1）我国小冰期冷暖阶段变化基本趋势一致，存在三冷加两暖模式，只不过小冰期内部冷波段的起讫时间存在一定差异。中国小冰期内部三个冷期分别是：公元1440±20~1520±20、公元1610±10~1720±10、公元1790（或1820±10）~1890。与太阳辐射斯玻勒极小期（Sprer Minimum）、蒙德极小期（MaunderMinimum）、道尔顿极小期（Dalton Minimum）相对应。（2）分别统计我国青藏区、中部过渡区、东部区，小冰期、小冰期内部各冷波动阶段的起讫时间，青藏区率先进入寒冷期，东部最迟。三个区域的启动时间与结束时间分别依次后延20~50a。论证了青藏高原是我国气候的启动区。同时，，小冰期内部亚冷期不同区域，表现出不同强弱，追踪多数重建气候记录显示第二冷期最强，而西南地区、华南地区则显示第三冷期最强。 (3)小冰期期间降水幅度高频振动，干湿空间分布复杂多变。综合分析高分辨率气候指标记录，绘制全国气候干湿配置：冷湿型显著多于冷干型。西北区（包括新疆、西昆仑山地）、青藏高原地区、东北地区、黄河流域、长江中下游及华南地区表现为冷湿气候特征，其中尤以西北区、青藏地区、江淮流域冷湿气候特征最为显著。西南地区、农牧交错带（内蒙古、陕甘宁与祁连山），以及海河流域降水减弱，气候干燥，多冷干型，此时印度季风与东亚季风强度均偏弱。该干湿模式符合北大西洋涛动增强、厄尔尼诺占有优势、太平洋年代震荡指数处于正相位的气候响应。（4）整理公元1100~1950年间太阳辐射、火山气溶胶等数据资料，认为太阳活动与火山喷发共同驱动作用，是造成的中国小冰期气候演化的主要原因之一。
[Abstract]:The study of global climate change has become one of the major concerns in politics, economy, science and other fields. In the last 20 years of the 20th century, the regional research on global change has made extensive and profound progress, and the combination of global problems and regional problems has become clearer, and reached a consensus: the study of global issues needs to be completed by regional research; Regional research must reflect global problems. At the same time, integrated research is an important means for regional research to become a global problem. The small ice age is the most recent global cold climate event, which consists of three cold fluctuations. In this paper, by integrating analysis of climate or environment in various regions in China, the climate index records, such as clear directivity of climate or environment, high resolution of years, dry and wet climate, and so on, are described by MapInfo tracing. By comparing and analyzing the environmental evolution characteristics of the small ice age in the whole country, the onset age and climatic characteristics of the cold wave band in China and inside the small ice age are systematically investigated in a macroscopic and systematic way. Combined with the main atmospheric circulation affecting the climate in China: the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Nino and La Nina, and the Pacific Interdecadal Oscillation, the climatic pattern of cold and warm dry and wet in China is preliminarily discussed. At the same time, the climatic and environmental evolution information of key peripheral regions such as the North / South Atlantic, Pacific and South / North America are compared. This paper systematically describes the manifestation of the climatic events of the small ice age in China, and probes into its possible mechanism of formation and social impact. The main results are as follows: 1) the basic trend of the cold and warm phases of the Little Ice Age in China is the same, and there are three cold and two warm modes, but there are some differences in the beginning and ending time of the cold wave bands in the small ice age. The three cold periods in the small ice age of China are: 1440 卤20 卤1520 卤20, 1610 卤10, 1720 卤10, 1790 (or 1820 卤10), 1890 respectively. Corresponding to the solar radiation Sprer minimum, Maunder minimum, Dalton Minimum2).) the beginning and ending times of the cold fluctuation stages in the Qinghai-Tibet region, the central transitional region, the eastern region and the small glacial epoch in China are calculated, respectively, in the Qinghai-Xizang region, the central transitional region, the eastern region and the small glacial epoch, respectively. Qingzang area first entered the cold period, the eastern part of the latest. The start-up time and the end time of the three regions were delayed by 20 ~ 50 a respectively. It is demonstrated that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the starting area of climate in China. At the same time, different regions of the subcooling period within the small ice age show different intensities, and most of the reconstructed climate records show that the second cooling period is the strongest, while the southwest and southern China show the strongest third cooling period. (3) the amplitude of high frequency vibration of precipitation during the small glacial period. The distribution of dry and wet space is complex and changeable. Comprehensive analysis of high resolution climate index records, mapping the national climate dry and wet configuration: cold and wet type is significantly more than cold dry type. Northwest (including Xinjiang, West Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Northeast China, Yellow River Basin, Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China) is characterized by cold and wet climate, especially in Northwest China, Qinghai-Tibet region, The characteristics of cold and wet climate in Jianghuai River Basin are the most obvious. In southwest China, the agricultural and pastoral ecotone (Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi-Ganning and Qilian Mountains) and the Haihe River basin have weakened precipitation, dry climate and more cold dry type. At this time, the intensity of Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon is weak. The dry and wet model is in line with the enhanced North Atlantic Oscillation, the advantage of El Nino, and the positive climate response of the Pacific Oscillation Index. It is considered that the co-driving of solar activity and volcanic eruption is one of the main reasons for the climatic evolution of the small ice age in China.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P532

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