广西村民自治进程中农村后备政治精英培育研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 19:42

本文选题：村民自治 + 后备政治精英　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：村民自治作为农村基层政治管理的基本制度,自创立以来在农村政治管理、经济发展、社会建设和文明开放等方方面面都发挥了巨大作用,并且得到了进一步的完善发展。虽然取得了诸多成就,但随着城乡差距加大,农村劳动力特别是精英劳动力大量外流,农村建设已经面临着严重的人才稀缺问题。本文从这一角度出发,以在几个地方收集到的调研数据和相关资料为基础,探索在广西乃至全国广大农村中都具有普遍意义的村民自治中政治精英后备力量培育的问题,并尝试针对当前农村后备政治精英培育的困境和成因分析提供一些可行的解决对策。文章首先从农村后备政治精英相关概念入手,通过归纳专家学者的解析,确定本文研究的政治视域和基本立场。分析得出：作为农村精英在功能领域划分中的一种类型,农村政治精英是在农村政治管理、民主化建设中具有权威性和领导力的一群人,而农村后备政治精英则是尚未进入村庄政治领域的潜在政治力量,其主要来源有从其他类型的精英人才中转化而来,或者从村庄内部发掘、村庄外部引进等途径。第二部分则通过对政治精英治理内涵的解析、对精英民主理论知识的借鉴,从我国国情和村民自治的乡情出发,结合国内外农村现代化过程中政治精英发挥关键作用的阶段历史和现实,分析出政治精英对民主化建设的重要意义,认为我国农村村民自治中政治精英治理是当前国情决定下走向更广泛民主的必经阶段,从而论证了农村后备政治力量培育的必要性。由于精英民主理论在我国学界受到的关注并不多,相关学者研究成果也比较少,但作为研究不可或缺的部分,文章对此作了比较细致的分析。第三部分结合研究过程中搜集的一些实际困境,分析得出中国广大农村村民自治面临的共同问题,即精英人才的大量外流、村庄政治精英老龄化严重、潜在政治精英参政意识淡漠、政治精英在性别上的失衡以及后备政治精英培育机制缺失等。上述诸多问题直接影响着农村村民自治已经取得的成果,对农村现代化在政治、经济、文化等方方面面的建设上都会产生巨大危害,因此后备政治力量培育问题十分紧迫。而产生这些问题的原因包括城乡经济差距过大导致农村吸引力低,传统小农意识还阻挠着村民的政治意识觉醒,农村政治精英参政缺乏制度保障则是精英流失的重要原因,另外各级政府及村级干部对后备政治精英培育缺乏关注也使上述困境愈演愈烈。这一部分深入到村民自治中存在的具体问题做了系统的分析,是研究后备政治精英培育问题的出发点和落脚点。通过分析,文章最后试图结合国内外农村现代化或者说民主政治化建设过程中的典型经验和模式,提出一些可行的对策：从国家把控、乡镇助力、基层发挥主力作用全方位构建后备政治精英培育的体系；加强农村基础建设、缩小城乡差距等方面改善外部环境,构建政治精英回流和培育的动力机制；从发掘村庄内部潜在女性政治精英力量和外部其他类型精英人才转化的双轨渠道构建政治精英的成长机制；发挥大学生村官和农民工回乡创业的典型模式作用,构建从政府到企业到基层对政治精英回流的保障机制。
[Abstract]:As the basic system of political management of rural grass - roots level , villagers ' autonomy has played a great role in rural political management , economic development , social construction and opening of civilization since its inception .

This paper starts with the concept of rural reserve political elite , and induces the analysis of experts and scholars to determine the political views and basic positions of the study . The analysis concludes that as a kind of rural elite in the functional area division , the rural political elite is a group of people who have authority and leadership in rural political management and democratization construction , while the rural reserve political elite is the potential political power that has not yet entered the political field of village . The main source of the rural political elite is the transformation from other types of elite talents , or the excavation from the village , the introduction of the outside of the village , etc .

In the second part , through the analysis of the connotation of the governance of the political elites , the paper analyzes the importance of the political elites to the democratization construction from the national conditions and the villagers ' self - government , and points out that the governance of the political elites in the rural villagers ' self - government is the necessary stage to move towards a broader democracy under the current situation of the country , thus the necessity of the cultivation of the rural reserve political power is demonstrated .

The third part combines some practical difficulties collected during the research process , and analyzes the common problems faced by the rural villagers in the countryside , namely , the massive outflow of the elite talents , the serious ageing of the political elite in the village , the lack of political elite political consciousness , the lack of institutional guarantee of the political elite in politics , economy and culture , and the lack of attention on the cultivation mechanism of the back - up political elite .

Through the analysis , the article finally tries to combine the typical experiences and models in the process of rural modernization or democratic political construction at home and abroad , and puts forward some feasible countermeasures : from the national control , the township power , the grass - roots play the main role all - round construction of the reserve political elite cultivation system ;
Strengthening the rural infrastructure construction , narrowing the gap between the urban and rural areas , improving the external environment , and constructing the power mechanism for the return and cultivation of the political elite ;
The growth mechanism of political elite is constructed from the dual - track channels of the transformation of potential female political elitist forces and other types of elite talent in villages .
It plays a typical role in the return of village officials and migrant workers in rural areas , and constructs a safeguard mechanism for the return of political elite from the government to the grass - roots level .
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D422.6

【参考文献】