中国古代行都类型与功能研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 09:52

【摘要】：中国古代都城史包括历朝历代作为首都的都城史和作为副首都的陪都都城史。在解释陪都一词之前,首先要说说与之相对应的首都、国都的含义。国都是一个国家或政权执掌和行使最高权力的地方,通常也是一个国家或者政权的政治、经济、军事和文化中心。在中国古代社会,都城的称谓多达50多种,如京城、京师、京都、帝都、帝宅、皂都、京畿、中国、首善,等等。首都的含义具备三要点,即：首都以皇帝所居、众大尊崇、人口汇聚。那么,还有没有除都城以外也具有以上三要点的城市呢?如果皇帝们因某种需要常常也会到另一个大城市视察、逗留甚至办公,而这个城市也具有某些相应的设置,那这个城市该怎么称呼呢?此外,类似的城市在历史上经常出现吗?答案是：在中国古代,这样的城市史经常出现的,它的名称叫陪都。中国古代,除建立国都作为政治中心之外,许多朝代还因特殊需要而设立陪都,陪都不是一种个别性的存在,而是一种具有客观规律性和普遍意义的现象。所谓陪都,它是一国的统治者在正式的京城之外,因为某些需要而设置的都城,为首都之外另设的辅助性都城,以加强中央集权统治的一种政治性制度。陪都有时又称行都、留都、别都等。本文研究的就是陪都称谓之一——行都的类型和功能。行都或称行在、行在所、行阙。指在正式都城之外另外为阜帝暂驻施政的临时性都城。如宋南渡后的杭州、明成祖即位初期的顺天府、清代的承德等。赵宋王朝南渡后,以杭州为行都,希望日后能够恢复河北,还都汴京。明成祖即位时,也以顺天府为行在,而以应天府为都城,仍称南京,直至英宗正统元年才废行在之名,正式称为北京。清代,行都承德又称行在,名“热河行在”。本文共分三部分,第一部分绪论介绍行都的概念和范畴以及行都和相关名词的研究现状、论文内容与现实意义、论文创新点与不足之处；第二部分是行都的分类及其功能,将行都分成军事型行都、临时首都型行都、休闲型行都,军事型行都包括吴国行都武昌、南宋行都建康,临时首都型行都包括南宋行都临安、明朝行都北京、唐朝诸行都,休闲型行都清代行都承德,进而详细分析每种类型行都的具体功能,包括政治功能、军事功能、文化功能等；最后一部分是论文研究的基本结论,即将全篇进行总结性收尾。
[Abstract]:The history of the ancient capital of China included the history of capital capital and the capital city of the Deputy capital. Before explaining the capital of the capital, the capital, the capital, the capital, the state, was the place where a state or regime exercised and exercised the highest power, usually a state or political power. Economic, military and cultural centers. In ancient Chinese society, there are more than 50 titles of capital, such as Beijing, Peking teacher, Kyoto, imperial house, soap, capital, China, the first good, and so on. The capital has three points, that is, the capital is occupied by the emperor, the great respect, the population converge. Then, there are no other three points except the capital. What is the city? If the emperors often go to another big city to inspect, stay and even office for some kind of need, and the city also has some corresponding settings. What does the city call it? In addition, similar cities often appear in history? The answer is that in ancient China, such city history often appeared, it In ancient China, in addition to the founding of the country as a political center, many dynasties were also set up for special needs. The accompanying capital is not an individual existence, but a phenomenon of objective regularity and universal significance. The so-called "accompanying capital" is a state governing body outside the official capital because of some needs. Capital city, an auxiliary capital outside the capital, a political system to strengthen the centralization of centralization. The capital is sometimes called the capital of the capital. Sometimes it is called the capital of the capital. The temporary capital of the administration, such as the Hangzhou after the Southern Song Dynasty, the early emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the Chengde in the Qing Dynasty. After the southern Zhao and Song Dynasties, Hangzhou was the capital of the dynasty. He hoped to return to Hebei in the future, and also in the Bian Jing. It is officially called Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the city of Chengde is called "the hot river is in". This article is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction of the concept and category of the capital and the research status of the capital and the related nouns, the content and practical significance of the thesis, the innovation points and shortcomings of the paper; the second part is the classification of the capital and the classification of the capital. Function, the line is divided into military type capital, temporary capital type row capital, leisure travel capital, military type lines including the Wuchang city of Wu Guo, Southern Song Dynasty, Ling'an in the Southern Song Dynasty, Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, the capital of Tang Zhaozhu and Chengde in the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, and then detailed analysis of the specific work of each type of business. Can, including political function, military function, cultural function and so on. The last part is the basic conclusion of the paper, which will be the conclusion of the whole paper.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K22

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