地方政府规章制定权研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 09:22

【摘要】：2013年和2014年的党的十八届三中、四中全会提出扩大各地立法主体的建议。经过全国人大及其常委会对《立法法》修正案的多次审议,最终于2015年3月通过了《关于修改中华人民共和国立法法的决定》(以下简称《决定》)。针对地方政府规章制定权的修改是此次《立法法》修改的重点内容之一,新《立法法》将地方政府的规章制定主体扩大为所有设区的市,同时对规章内容作了相应的限制。新修订的《立法法》扩大地方政府规章制定权的原因是多方面的,比如,鼓励各地方发挥主动性与积极性;实现国家治理的现代化和满足各地的发展需求;使地方管理更加地特色化等等。我国是个地域广阔,各地资源分布不均、政治经济发展差异较大的发展中国家。新修订的《立法法》对地方立法权力的扩大可以使各地方根据本地区的实际情况制定出更加具有执行力和可行性的规章,进而更加有效率地管理社会。但是,毕竟地方政府是行政机关而非立法机关,其强大的执行性和强制性容易将公民的权利置于危险的境地。《立法法》虽然在扩大地方政府规章制定主体的同时限制了规章内容,并规定了暂行规章的实施期限以及在没有上位法前提下不得设定减损公民权利或增加公民义务的规章,但是仍然存在些许不足之处。本文将重点对《立法法》中有关地方政府规章规定的缺陷进行研究,并试图提出相应的解决方案。本文共分为五部分,首先详述了新修改《立法法》对地方政府规章制定权的具体修改内容。该内容大致可分为三个方面,分别为规章制定的主体、内容以及暂行规章的期限限制。第二部分是对扩大地方政府规章制定主体的合宪性分析。针对《立法法》赋予及扩大地方政府规章制定权违宪的质疑,本文先理清规章制定权的发展脉络,然后从历史角度、宪法性质等方面论证赋予以及扩大地方政府规章制定权是合宪的。第三部分对《立法法》上地方政府规章制定权的相关条文做详细分析,并指出新法存在对地方政府立法权限规定的模糊性,对修法之前的规章的存续问题规定太过简练以及对暂行规章的权限规定不够明确等问题。第四部分分析了新法修改地方政府规章制定权引起的现实问题,比如对人民权利仍可能产生侵害,各地的规章质量不高和地方政府规章与地方性法规立法权限模糊与冲突的问题。本文针对以上提出的问题,在最后一部分提供了相应的完善建议。分别对有关地方规章制定权限,修法前的规章处理,地方政府规章与地方性法规的权限划分以及提高政府规章制定水平及能力方面提出了具体的对策。
[Abstract]:In 2013 and 2014, the third session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the fourth Plenary session of the CPC Central Committee proposed to expand local legislative bodies. After many discussions on the amendments to the Legislative Law by the NPC and its standing Committee, the decision on amending the Legislative Law of the people's Republic of China was finally adopted in March 2015 (hereinafter referred to as "the decision"). The revision of the local government's rule making power is one of the key contents of this revision. The new "legislation Law" expands the main body of the local government's rules and regulations to all cities which are divided into districts, and makes corresponding restrictions on the contents of the rules and regulations. There are many reasons why the newly revised Legislative Law expands the power of local government to make rules and regulations. For example, it encourages all localities to give full play to their initiative and enthusiasm, to realize the modernization of national governance and to meet the development needs of various localities. Make local management more special and so on. China is a developing country with wide area, uneven distribution of resources and great difference in political and economic development. The expansion of the local legislative power by the newly revised "legislation Law" can make the local government make more executive and feasible regulations according to the actual situation of the region, and then manage the society more efficiently. But after all, local governments are the executive, not the legislature, Its strong enforcement and compulsion tend to put citizens' rights at risk. Although the Law on legislation expands the subject of local government regulations and limits the content of the regulations, It also stipulates the time limit for the implementation of the interim rules and regulations which can not be set under the premise of no upper law to derogate from the civil rights or increase the civic obligations, but there are still some deficiencies. This paper focuses on the defects of the local government regulations in the Legislative Law, and tries to put forward the corresponding solutions. This paper is divided into five parts. Firstly, it details the specific revision content of the local government's regulation making power by the new revision of the "legislation Law". The content can be divided into three aspects: the subject of regulation, the content and the time limit of provisional regulation. The second part is the constitutionality analysis of expanding the subject of local government regulation. In view of the doubt that the Legislative Law entrusts and expands the local government's power of making regulations against the Constitution, this paper first clarifies the development context of the power of making rules and regulations, and then from the historical point of view, Constitutional nature and other aspects of the argument to give and expand the local government rules and regulations is constitutional. The third part makes a detailed analysis of the relevant provisions of the local government's regulatory power in the Legislative Law, and points out that the new law has the ambiguity of the local government's legislative authority. The stipulation on the existence of the regulations before amending the law is too concise and the limits of authority of the provisional regulations are not clear enough. The fourth part analyzes the real problems caused by the new law to modify the right to make local government regulations, for example, the people's rights may still be infringed upon. The quality of local regulations is not high and the local government regulations and local laws and regulations legislative authority ambiguity and conflict. In the last part of this paper, some suggestions are given for the improvement of the above questions. The specific countermeasures are put forward in the aspects of making authority of local regulations, dealing with the regulations before amending the law, dividing the authority between local government regulations and local regulations, and improving the level and ability of government rules and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D921

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