中国国家创新体系效率测算与分析

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:01

本文选题：中国　切入点：国家创新体系　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在刚刚过去的2014年有关中国经济最热门的词语是什么?当然答案可能并不唯一,但是转型升级绝对有资格进入前三甲。实际上,自从新一届政府上台以来,有关中国经济的转型升级问题就越来越受到国家和社会重视,中国经济转型升级的方向也被定格在了创新驱动发展上,创新被认为是支撑中国经济未来发展的主要动力。因此,近年来有关国家创新体系的研究也逐渐多了起来,但是由于我国在这方面的研究起步较晚,理论基础薄弱,所以我国针对国家创新体系的研究主要还停留在理论方面,实证方面的研究相对较少。本文基于国家创新过程的两阶段模型,首先,从纵向角度分析了我国自1996年至2012年17年间反映国家创新水平的六个指标的变化趋势,得出了这十七来我国国家创新水平不断提高,国家创新体系不断完善的结论;接着从横向角度选择发达国家的代表G7成员国和发展中国家的代表“金砖国家”作为参考对象,横向分析了我国国家创新体系的现状,得出了现阶段中国国家创新体系的投入产出水平处在金砖国家和G7集团国家之间,略高于金砖国家的平均水平,而远低于G7集团国家的平均水平的结论。其次,本文以美国、英国、加拿大、意大利、日本、德国、法国、俄罗斯、巴西、印度和中国为决策单元,运用Max DEA6.3软件,测算并分析了2003年到2012年我国国家创新体系的第一阶段效率和第二阶段效率,并得出了我国国家创新体系的第一阶段效率处于非有效(低效)状态,而第二阶段效率处于有效状态的结论。再次,为了更加准确的找出影响国家创新体系效率的关键因素,本文将企业、高校和政府的研发人员和研发经费分开作为单独的投入指标,更加合理的设置国家创新体系效率评价指标,使用DEA改进方法的介绍,运用DEA6.3软件,对造成我国国家创新体系第一阶段低效的因素进行测度,并得出了在政府、企业和高校三大投入主体中,政府方面的单因素效率值是最低的,其次依次是企业和高校,同时也意味着政府的研发投入存在相对过剩现象,政府、企业和高校的研发投入并未得到合理的配置。最后,针对如何进一步完善我国国家创新体系的问题提出以下四点建议:第一,进一步加强研发资源的投入力度。第二,改革科技管理制度,提高科技管理水平。第三,明确创新主体的功能定位,促进创新主体之间的相互协调与合作,形成以政府为主导,企业为主体,高校为依托,市场为导向的产学研相结合的良好科技创新格局。第四,从立法、改革科研人员的薪酬机制、建立科研经费统一管理办公室以及科学研究信息公开平台四个方面来进一步完善我国的科研经费管理制度。
[Abstract]:What are the hottest words about China's economy on 2014? Of course, the answer may not be the only one, but the transformation and upgrading definitely qualify for the top three. In fact, since the new government came to power, the question of the transformation and upgrading of China's economy has attracted more and more attention from the state and society. The direction of China's economic transformation and upgrading has also been fixed in the direction of innovation-driven development, which is regarded as the main driving force to support the future development of China's economy. Therefore, in recent years, there have been more and more studies on the national innovation system. However, due to the late start of the research in this area and the weak theoretical basis in our country, the research on the national innovation system in our country mainly stays in the theoretical aspect. Based on the two-stage model of national innovation process, this paper firstly analyzes the change trend of six indicators reflecting the level of national innovation from 1996 to 2012. This paper draws the conclusion that the level of national innovation in China has been continuously improved and the national innovation system has been continuously improved in the past 17 years. Then, from a horizontal point of view, the representative of G7 member countries of developed countries and the representative of "BRICS countries" of developing countries are selected as reference objects. Based on the horizontal analysis of the current situation of China's national innovation system, it is concluded that the input-output level of China's national innovation system is a little higher than the average level of the BRICS countries and the G7 Group countries at this stage. The conclusion is far lower than the average level of the G7 group countries. Secondly, this paper takes the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, France, Russia, Brazil, India and China as the decision-making unit and uses the Max DEA6.3 software. This paper calculates and analyzes the efficiency of the first stage and the second stage of the national innovation system from 2003 to 2012, and draws the conclusion that the efficiency of the first stage of the national innovation system is in a state of inefficiency (low efficiency). Third, in order to find out more accurately the key factors that affect the efficiency of national innovation system, this paper will, The R & D personnel and R & D funds of universities and the government are separated as separate input indexes, the evaluation index of the efficiency of the national innovation system is set more reasonably, the introduction of the improvement method of DEA is used, and the DEA6.3 software is used. This paper measures the factors that cause the inefficiency of the first stage of the national innovation system of our country, and draws the conclusion that the single factor efficiency value of the government is the lowest among the three major investment subjects of the government, enterprises and universities, followed by enterprises and universities. At the same time, it also means that there is a relative excess of government R & D investment. The R & D investment of the government, enterprises and universities has not been allocated reasonably. Finally, In view of the problem of how to further improve the national innovation system in China, the following four suggestions are put forward: first, to further strengthen the investment of R & D resources; second, to reform the scientific and technological management system and raise the level of scientific and technological management; third, Make clear the function orientation of the innovation subject, promote the coordination and cooperation between the innovation subject, form a good pattern of scientific and technological innovation, which is based on the government, the enterprise as the main body, the university as the support, and the market as the guide. 4th, From four aspects of legislation, reforming the salary mechanism of scientific research personnel, establishing the unified management office of scientific research funds and the platform of scientific research information disclosure, we can further improve the management system of scientific research funds in our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124.3

【相似文献】