五个民族自治区宏观经济竞争力分析

发布时间：2018-05-10 11:57

本文选题：五个民族自治区 + 宏观经济竞争力　；参考：《中南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,伴随着经济全球化的进程和全球竞争趋势的加剧,区域竞争力的经济地理特征更加凸显,对区域竞争力的研究在国内外学术界掀起了一股热潮。早在二十世纪八十年代初的“达沃斯年会”上,各界人士就与世界经济论坛一起探论过“国际竞争力”议题,但是,当时他们还没有真正涉猎,直到1985年,世界经济论坛正式提出国家竞争力,社会各界人士才逐渐留意,而国际管理发展学院和世界经济论坛共同进行研究,也是在此概念提出四年后。目前,剑桥大学竞争力研究小组、美国竞争力委员会、国家发改委经济体制与管理研究所等机构和李闽榕博士等专家也对此进行了相关研究。但值得注意的是,无论是机构还是学者,都把国家竞争力、产业竞争力作为重点探究对象,对五个民族自治区宏观经济竞争力研究相对稀少。我国由多个省(区/直辖市/特别行政区)组成,每一个地区的经济发展都在我国总体经济实力增强中占据重要地位。西部民族地区是我国竞争力提升的落后地区,加快增强西部地区的综合竞争力,培育和增强其自身的竞争优势迫在眉睫。因此,本文在国家区域发展战略的大背景下,以五个民族自治区为研究对象,以竞争力相关理论为依据,借助李闽榕博士的“省域经济综合竞争力指标体系”,用十五年的统计数据来定量分析宏观经济竞争力,客观评价其竞争现状,发掘其竞争力落后的真正影响因素并进行解决,为西部竞争力的发展尽绵薄之力。全文首先归纳梳理了国内外专家研究竞争力的成果,为本文的研究分析提供借鉴,然后在众多与竞争力相关的理论中,选取李斯特生产力理论、凡勃伦等人的累计因果理论、李嘉图比较优势原理、熊彼特创新理论、佩鲁等人的增长极理论、普雷维什等人的中心—外围理论、杜能和韦伯的区位因素理论、波特钻石模型理论、卢卡斯和罗默的新经济增长理论、诺思等人的新制度经济学理论作为全文的理论基础,为全文的原因分析和对策建议提供支撑。依据收集相关数据和运用指标体系的可行性,本文从WEF、IMD、标杆测定、波特和省域经济综合竞争力评价指标体系中,选用李闽榕博士的“省域经济综合竞争力指标体系”作为参照,深入剖析五个民族自治区宏观经济竞争力的三个二级指标及二十七个三级指标。通过分析李闽榕博士的研究成果,发现造成五个民族自治区宏观经济竞争力落后的原因为:(1)五个民族自治区的gdp和人均gdp都位居全国经济实力竞争力的下游区,经济基础薄弱,缺乏经济实力。(2)五个民族自治区对水利、能源、交通、通讯、市政等基础设施建设的投入不足,人民的生活环境恶劣,生活质量不高,社会消费能力不强。(3)五个民族自治区政府的收入大部分来自于全国其他省、市的无偿支援,财政的自创能力低。(4)五个民族自治区不合理的所有制结构和产业结构削弱了市场竞争,阻碍了第二、三产业的发展,从而造成了大量的剩余劳动力。(5)五个民族自治区进行国际贸易交流比较晚,对外开放程度不高,外向型经济发展缓慢。在此基础上,本文再次借助经济学大师的经典理论进行深入研究,得出影响五个民族自治区宏观经济竞争力落后的深层次原因为:(1)由于五个民族自治区的自然环境不佳,致使其生产发展水平落后,直接影响了人们的社会意识和思想素质,形成贫困的循环陷阱。(2)自治区(广西壮族自治区除外)主要位于我国的延边地区,长期处于我国的经济外围,同时和中亚一起处于世界经济的外围。(3)五个民族自治区的教育水平比较低,导致其人力资本积累不足,生产力水平滞后,造成社会经济缺乏活力。(4)由于历史原因,五个民族自治区人民的生活水平低下,形成人民“听天由命”的思想和安于现状的行为,进而阻碍了五个民族自治区增强宏观经济竞争力。针对以上的原因分析,本文对五个民族自治区提升宏观经济竞争力提出了如下对策:(1)内生动力机制重建。(1)大力发展多种形式的所有制经济,形成多元的经济主体,并且强化市场竞争,弱化政府的宏观调控作用,减少国家在国有企业中占有的股权份额。(2)借助“新丝绸之路”和“中国—东盟”贸易格局的建立,充分挖掘自治区的区位优势,大力发展新疆维吾尔自治区和广西壮族自治区,使其成为经济高地,从而带动其他地区发展。(3)坚持“科教兴国”和“人才强国”战略,大举推动教育事业发展和人力资源开发,鼓励个人和企业进行自主创新。(2)国家政策性的支持。(1)充分尊重市场机制在地区经济发展中的基础性作用,在不断增强五个民族自治区财政创收能力的基础上,着力进行基础设施建设。(2)加快建设民生工程,进一步深化收入及分配体制改革,消除城乡居民同工不同酬现象,提高五个民族自治区全社会的消费水平。(3)完善城乡一体化发展体制,改革户籍管理制度,遵循“人本合一、四化同步、生态文明”的城镇化建设。(4)实行对外开放,加快“走出去”战略步伐,积极开拓海外市场,增强外商投资的吸引力,提高自身的经济外向竞争力。
[Abstract]:At present, with the process of economic globalization and the intensification of global competition trend, the economic and geographical features of regional competitiveness are becoming more prominent. The research on regional competitiveness has set off an upsurge in academic circles at home and abroad. At the "Davos annual meeting" in early 1980s, people from all walks of life discussed with the world economic forum On the issue of "international competitiveness", but at that time they had not really involved, until 1985, the world economic forum formally proposed national competitiveness, people of all walks of life gradually noticed, and the International Management Development Institute and the world economic forum jointly carried out research, but also four years after this concept. At present, University of Cambridge competitiveness research. The group, the United States competitiveness Committee, the national development and Reform Commission's economic system and Management Research Institute and other experts, such as Dr. Li Minrong, have also carried out a related research. However, it is worth noting that both the institutions and scholars regard the national competitiveness and industrial competitiveness as a major research object and the macro-economic competition in the five ethnic autonomous regions. Our country is composed of several provinces (regions / municipalities / special administrative regions), and the economic development of each region occupies an important position in the enhancement of our overall economic strength. The western ethnic areas are the backward areas of our country's competitiveness enhancement, accelerate the comprehensive competitiveness of the western region, and cultivate and strengthen its own. The competitive advantage is imminent. Therefore, under the background of the national regional development strategy, this paper takes five ethnic autonomous regions as the research object, based on the theory of competitiveness, with the help of Dr. Li Minrong's "comprehensive competitiveness index system of provincial economy", and quantitative analysis of the macro-economic competitiveness with fifteen years of unified data. In order to find out the real influence factors of its competitive backwardness and to solve the actual factors of its competitive backwardness, it will make a great effort for the development of the competitiveness of the West. The full text first summarizes the results of the competitiveness of experts at home and abroad, and provides reference for the research and analysis of this article, and then selects Lester productivity in many theories related to competitiveness. Theory, the cumulative causal theory of van Peren and others, Ricardo's comparative advantage theory, bear Pete's innovation theory, Peru et al's growth pole theory, Prebish et al's central periphery theory, duen and Webb's location factor theory, Potter diamond model theory, Lucas and Romer's new economic growth theory, North et al's new system As the theoretical basis of the full text, economic theory supports the reason analysis and Countermeasures of the full text. According to the feasibility of collecting relevant data and using the index system, this paper selects the "comprehensive competitiveness of provincial economy" from Dr. Li Minrong in WEF, IMD, benchmarking, Potter and the comprehensive competitiveness evaluation index system of provincial economy. As a reference, the three two level indexes and twenty-seven three indexes of the macro-economic competitiveness of the five ethnic autonomous regions are thoroughly analyzed. Through the analysis of the research results of Dr. Li Minrong, the reasons for the backward macroeconomic competitiveness of the five ethnic autonomous regions are as follows: (1) the GDP of the five ethnic autonomous regions and the per capita GDP are all in the whole. The lower reaches of the country's economic strength and competitiveness, the weak economic base and lack of economic strength. (2) the five ethnic autonomous regions have insufficient investment in water conservancy, energy, transportation, communications and municipal infrastructure, the people's living environment is bad, the quality of life is not high, and the social consumption is not strong. (3) most of the income of the government of the five ethnic autonomous regions comes from In other provinces of the country, the unpaid support of the city is low. (4) the irrational ownership structure and industrial structure of the five ethnic autonomous regions have weakened the market competition, hindered the development of the second, third industry and resulted in a large number of surplus labor. (5) the international trade exchanges between the five ethnic autonomous regions were relatively late and the opening course was open to the outside world. On the basis of this, this paper, on the basis of the classic theory of the master of economics, makes a thorough study, and draws a conclusion that the deep economic competitiveness of the five ethnic autonomous regions is backward: (1) because of the poor natural environment of the five ethnic autonomous regions, the level of its production and development is backward. People's social consciousness and ideological quality have been rounded to form a cycle trap for poverty. (2) the autonomous region (except the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) is mainly located in the Yanbian region of China, is in the economic periphery of China for a long time, and in the periphery of the world economy together with Central Asia. (3) the education level of the five ethnic autonomous regions is relatively low, leading to its human capital. The lack of accumulation and the lag of productive forces cause the social and economic lack of vitality. (4) because of historical reasons, the living standard of the people of the five ethnic autonomous regions is low, and the people 's thought of "listening to the fate" and the behavior of the present situation are formed, and then the strengthening of the macroeconomic competitiveness of the five ethnic autonomous regions is hindered. The following countermeasures are put forward to improve the competitiveness of the five ethnic autonomous regions: (1) the reconstruction of endogenous power mechanism. (1) to vigorously develop a variety of forms of ownership of the economy, form a pluralistic economic subject, strengthen market competition, weaken the government's macro regulatory role and reduce the share share of the state in the state owned enterprises. (2) the aid of "" (2) The establishment of the new Silk Road and the "China ASEAN" trade pattern fully excavated the regional advantages of the autonomous region, vigorously developed the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, made it an economic highland, and led to the development of other regions. (3) adhere to the strategy of "invigorating the country by science and education" and "talent power", and promoting the educational cause in a large scale. Development and human resources development, encourage individuals and enterprises to carry out independent innovation. (2) the support of national policy. (1) fully respect the basic role of market mechanism in regional economic development, and on the basis of increasing the financial revenue generating capacity of five ethnic autonomous regions, and focus on infrastructure construction. (2) speed up the construction of people's livelihood projects, Step by step, deepen the reform of income and distribution system, eliminate the phenomenon of equal pay for urban and rural residents, improve the consumption level of the whole society in the five ethnic autonomous regions. (3) improve the system of urban-rural integration development, reform the household registration system, follow the urbanization construction of "human integration, four modernizations and ecological civilization". (4) open to the outside world and accelerate "out of the world". We should actively explore overseas markets, enhance the attractiveness of foreign investment, and enhance our economic competitiveness.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F127

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