产业集聚的测度及其动态变化——基于北京企业微观数据的研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:13

【摘要】：针对国内产业集聚测度研究在方法、空间尺度以及行业层次选择等方面的不足,本文选择DO指数利用北京企业微观数据进行了不同空间尺度细化行业的产业集聚测度研究,并对产业集聚的动态变化进行了考察。结果表明:①40%的行业在5%的置信水平下是显著集聚的,集聚行业数量在1km处最大,最大集聚程度发生的空间尺度则相对较大;②高技术行业最集聚,多数行业集聚范围大而短距离内集聚程度不高,低技术的劳动密集型行业最分散,分散行业中有多个为重污染行业,分散尺度过大且分散程度高;③小企业是集聚的主体,大企业是集聚的主要推动力;④相同二位数行业下的三位数行业空间分布模式类似,大类行业与下属行业的分布模式有所不同;⑤随着时间发展,2/3的行业空间分布模式稳定,不会变得更加集聚或更加分散,其余1/3可能会更加集聚或更加分散,或者行业集聚区发生移动。因此,北京政府需采取措施改变大部分行业,尤其是高科技行业短距离集聚程度偏低的现状,可通过扶持、培养大企业等来提高集聚程度,促进形成集聚程度高、特色鲜明的产业集聚区;北京面临污染企业规模小、数量较多且分散程度高的局面,为实现"宜居城市"目标,需进行污染的控制和治理。
[Abstract]:In view of the lack of research on the measurement of industrial agglomeration in China in terms of methods, spatial scale and industry level selection, this paper chooses DO index to study the measurement of industrial agglomeration in different spatial scales by using micro data of enterprises in Beijing. And the dynamic changes of industrial agglomeration were investigated. The results show that 140% of the industries are significantly agglomeration at 5% confidence level, the number of agglomeration industries is the largest at 1km, and the spatial scale of the largest degree of agglomeration is relatively large. (2) the most agglomeration of high-tech industries, most of which have a large agglomeration range but not a high degree of agglomeration within a short distance, the labor-intensive industries with low technology are the most dispersed, and there are many heavily polluted industries in the dispersed industries, which are too large and have a high degree of dispersion; (3) small enterprises are the main body of agglomeration and large enterprises are the main driving force of agglomeration; 5 with the development of time, the spatial distribution pattern of 2 / 3 industries is stable and will not become more agglomeration or dispersion, while the remaining 1 / 3 may be more concentrated or more dispersed, or the industry agglomeration area will move. Therefore, the Beijing government needs to take measures to change the current situation of the low degree of short-term agglomeration in most industries, especially in high-tech industries. Through support and training of large enterprises, it can improve the degree of agglomeration and promote the formation of a high degree of agglomeration. Distinctive industrial agglomeration area; In order to realize the goal of "livable city", Beijing is faced with the situation of small scale, large number and high degree of dispersion of polluting enterprises.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;汉堡大学经济与社会学院;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“集聚经济和交通成本对北京城市空间结构的影响”(批准号2013YB06)
【分类号】：F124

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