国有化与经济发展—新自由主义理念扩散下的小国家

发布时间：2018-11-28 19:39

【摘要】：20世纪80年代新自由主义改革理念在全球不断扩展，大批国家纷纷实施了新自由主义倡导的市场化、私有化改革，以苏东国家、东南亚地区和拉美地区最为典型，也最为激烈。但经过近20年的发展，各地区实施改革的国家却呈现出了不同的经济发展景象，一部分国家在实施改革后经济保持良好稳定增长，而另外一些国家进行了大刀阔斧的改革后经济却起伏动荡甚至停滞不前。为何会出现如此巨大的差异？本文以波兰、罗马尼亚、马来西亚和菲律宾四个国家为比较案例，指出促进经济发展需要具备一定的国家能力，而保持核心产业或者优势产业的适度国有化则是国家能力建设的一个极其重要的方面。本文一方面指出新自由主义理念下国有产业彻底私有化，使得大量发展中国家在国家能力建设完成前过早陷入了以发达国家为主导的国际市场结构中，从而容易形成依附；另一方面，过度国有化保护则易形成分利集团，对内损害国家能力，国家经济发展最终受到利益集团的裹挟而导致动荡。对核心或优势产业的适度国有化通过对市场定价权的控制摆脱依附、实现技术积累和社会福利改善能有效增强国家能力，从而带来经济的发展。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, the concept of neoliberal reform was expanded all over the world, and a large number of countries carried out the marketization and privatization reform advocated by neoliberalism one after another, which were the most typical and intense in the countries of Soviet and Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia and Latin America. However, after nearly 20 years of development, the countries implementing the reform in various regions have shown different economic development scenes, and some countries have maintained good and stable economic growth after the implementation of the reform. In other countries, after radical reforms, their economies have fluctuated and even stagnated. Why is there such a big difference? Taking Poland, Romania, Malaysia and the Philippines as comparative cases, this paper points out that to promote economic development, it is necessary to have a certain national capacity. To maintain the proper nationalization of core industries or superior industries is an extremely important aspect of national capacity building. On the one hand, this paper points out that the complete privatization of state-owned industries under the neoliberal concept makes a large number of developing countries fall into the international market structure dominated by developed countries prematurely before the completion of national capacity-building, thus forming dependence easily. On the other hand, the protection of excessive nationalization is easy to form a profit division group, which impairs the national ability, and the national economic development is eventually driven by interest groups and leads to turbulence. The proper nationalization of core or superior industries can effectively strengthen the national capacity and bring about economic development by controlling the market pricing power to get rid of dependence and to realize the accumulation of technology and the improvement of social welfare.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F113

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