火旋风模拟试验设备研制

发布时间：2018-10-16 18:44

【摘要】：火旋风是火灾中经常出现的特殊火现象,极具破坏性,其研究是火灾科学重要研究领域之一。模拟试验是火旋风研究的有效方法,但目前国内鲜见有火旋风模拟试验设备产品。研制具有自主知识产权的火旋风模拟试验设备,对火旋风试验研究有着重要的应用意义。本文基于具体技术需求,研制大型火旋风模拟试验整机设备,实现了火旋风模拟功能,及温度与流速的自动、准确测量功能。高温环境下温度、流速的定距测量是设备研制的关键技术之一。传统进给机构极易因严重受热变形而失效。设计了由步进电机驱动,由梯形丝杠传动副实现进给运动,外防护套与螺母固接同步沿轴向进给的密封式进给机构。在满足进给精度的同时,实现了机构的高温防护。对机构的受热变形进行了有限元分析,验证了设计的合理性。以伺服主轴电机驱动,应用单排四点接触球式回转支承传动,实现了设备主回转运动;选用42CrMo作为回转支承基体材料,替代了传统50Mn材料,并采用铜隔离块替代传统尼龙隔离块,提升了回转支承的极限转速。改进传统纱幕组件支撑内置结构,采用外置方式支撑纱幕组件,进一步扩大了纱幕组件的视场范围,并有效解决了内置支杆影响流场的问题。对纱幕组件挠度进行了动力学仿真,验证了设计的合理性。完成了控制系统的研发工作。完成了控制系统逻辑分析与PLC梯形图程序设计工作,完成了控制柜设计、控制电路设计。应用SIMENTIC S7-1200 PLC以及触摸屏实现了对伺服主轴电机与步进电机的控制以及人机交互界面设计。对关键零部件进行了工艺分析,制定了设备本体装配工艺,完成了设备装配与初步调试工作。试验结果表明,该设备达到了技术参数要求,运行稳定可靠。
[Abstract]:Fire whirlwind is a special fire phenomenon which often occurs in fire, and its research is one of the important research fields of fire science. Simulation test is an effective method for fire cyclone research, but there are few products of fire cyclone simulation test equipment in China. The development of fire cyclone simulation test equipment with independent intellectual property rights is of great significance for fire cyclone test research. Based on specific technical requirements, a large scale fire cyclone simulation test equipment is developed in this paper. The function of fire cyclone simulation and automatic and accurate measurement of temperature and velocity are realized. The distance measurement of temperature and velocity is one of the key technologies in the equipment development. Traditional feed mechanism is prone to failure due to severe thermal deformation. A hermetic feed mechanism is designed, which is driven by step motor, actuated by trapezoidal lead screw transmission pair, and the outer protective sleeve is coupled with nut to feed along the axial direction synchronously. At the same time, the high temperature protection of the mechanism is realized. The finite element analysis of the thermal deformation of the mechanism is carried out, and the rationality of the design is verified. The main rotary movement of the equipment is realized by using the single row four-point contact ball rotary bearing drive driven by the servo spindle motor, and the 42CrMo is used as the base material of the rotary support instead of the traditional 50Mn material. The copper block is used to replace the traditional nylon block to increase the limit speed of the rotary bearing. By improving the built-in structure of the traditional yarn curtain assembly and adopting the external support mode, the field of view of the yarn curtain assembly is further expanded, and the problem of the influence of the built-in support rod on the flow field is effectively solved. The dynamic simulation of the deflection of the yarn screen assembly is carried out, and the rationality of the design is verified. The research and development of the control system has been completed. The logic analysis of control system and the program design of PLC trapezoid diagram are completed. The control cabinet and control circuit are designed. SIMENTIC S7-1200 PLC and touch screen are used to realize the control of servo spindle motor and step motor, as well as the design of man-machine interface. The process analysis of the key parts is carried out, the assembly process of the equipment body is established, and the assembly and preliminary debugging of the equipment are completed. The test results show that the equipment meets the requirements of technical parameters and runs stably and reliably.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X932

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