隧道火灾模型试验相似律及应用的研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 23:41

本文选题：隧道火灾　切入点：模型准则数　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于隧道火灾流的研究,通常有现场测试,模型试验与数值试验三种。现场测试准确可信,但耗资劳力;模型试验需要准确定控制的准则数;数值试验需要处理好数值模型的选用。本论文对隧道火灾模型试验所需遵循的准则数及开展数值试验所需的合适模型进行了探讨。模型试验准则数是模型试验的关键因素,其在本质上反映了物理现象的本质属性。通过控制这些本质力,也就是准则数的相对大小关系,将物理现象与模型试验联系起来。本文通过对隧道火灾中相关物理参数的无量纲化处理及量纲性的分析,首先确定出影响模型试验的相关参数,然后对这些参数进行了分析处理。在确定准则数的过程中,根据实际隧道火灾温度场与速度场,将准则数的适用范围依据热源所起作用的大小及方式分成近热源与远热源两个方面进行处理,最后得出分别适用于各自范围的两个准则数。应用计算流体力学对隧道火灾进行研究时,其难点在于确定合适的火源模型。本文提出了几种不同的火源数值计算处理方案,并建立与模型试验相同的尺寸数值计算模型进行计算,将不同火源模型的计算结果与模型试验数据进行对比。在保证模型设置与求解难度小、适合于工程应用实际,同时计算结果与实际物理现象尽可能一致、误差最小的情况下选出了一种合适的火源数值计算处理模型。通过准则数与火源数值模型的确定,进一步验证了结论的正确性。论文最后将结论在实际隧道火灾试验中进行应用与验证,证明得出的模型试验准则数具有应用的可行性。论文的创新点在于隧道模型试验的参数无量纲化分析及计算流体中火源数值模型的确定,这些结论可以为做隧道火灾研究的工作者提供理论上的借鉴与应用上的参考。
[Abstract]:For the study of tunnel fire flow, there are usually three kinds of field test, model test and numerical test. The selection of numerical model should be handled well in numerical test. This paper discusses the number of criteria to be followed in tunnel fire model test and the suitable model for carrying out numerical test. The number of model test criteria is the key factor of model test. It essentially reflects the essential properties of physical phenomena. By controlling these essential forces, that is, the relative size of the criterion number, Through the dimensionless treatment and dimensionality analysis of the related physical parameters in tunnel fire, the related parameters that affect the model test are first determined. Then these parameters are analyzed and processed. In the process of determining the number of criteria, according to the actual tunnel fire temperature field and velocity field, The applicable range of the criterion number is divided into two aspects: near heat source and far heat source according to the size and mode of the action of heat source. Finally, two criteria are obtained, which are applicable to their respective ranges. The difficulty of applying computational fluid dynamics to tunnel fire research is to determine the appropriate fire source model. In this paper, several different numerical calculation schemes of fire source are proposed. The numerical calculation model with the same size as the model test is established, and the calculation results of different fire source models are compared with the model test data. At the same time, the calculated results are consistent with the actual physical phenomena as much as possible, and a suitable fire source numerical calculation model is selected under the condition of minimum error. The criterion number and the fire source numerical model are determined by the criterion number and the fire source numerical model. Finally, the conclusion is applied and verified in the actual tunnel fire test. It is proved that the model test criteria are feasible to be applied. The innovation of this paper lies in the dimensionless analysis of the parameters of the tunnel model test and the determination of the numerical model of the fire source in the computational fluid. These conclusions can be used for reference in theory and application for researchers doing tunnel fire research.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U458

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