城市老年人休闲活动出行行为机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 00:14

本文选题：老年人 + 休闲活动　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国人口老龄化进程正处于持续快速发展阶段,城市老年人日常出行对交通系统的特殊需求,以及产生的影响已逐渐凸显出来。迄今为止,对老年人交通行为的研究,主要是增龄性驾驶安全问题和基于出行的时空特征分析。然而,城市养老生活的日常出行目的主要是休闲、购物和就医三大类活动,基于出行的特征分析,难以区分不同活动特征的交通行为存在的根本性差异,不能确定老年人的出行需求。因此,针对城市老年人不同活动特征的出行行为研究非常必要。相关研究结果表明,休闲是城市养老生活中最重要的日常活动之一,对老年人的主观幸福感受具有特别显著的影响。深入研究老年人休闲活动出行行为,可以为老龄化社会城市交通系统的相关决策和服务功能完善提供科学依据。本文以昆明60岁以上不再工作的城市老年人的633份有效问卷调查样本和74份质性访谈数据为基础,根据推-拉理论分析休闲动机,定义了城市老年人休闲的6项休闲需要、7项休闲地环境认知；借鉴国际通用的日常活动能力分析方法,根据生命周期理论的原理,建立了老年人出行能力评价的6项基础指标。以老年人休闲动机-出行能力制约为主线,采用相关性分析、结构方程模型、非集计模型等研究手段,通过建模计算,研究城市老年人休闲活动-出行行为机理。包括：城市老年人休闲活动的出行行为总体特征分析；城市老年人休闲活动出行行为特征参数间的影响路径、效应值及其在不同年龄阶段的变化规律；构建城市老年人休闲活动出行选择模型,量化分析敏感特征变量对城市老年人出行选择行为的影响程度。本文的主要研究内容以及取得的主要成果如下：在统计分析老年人休闲活动特征的基础上,对休闲活动时空规律与出行行为特征进行了交叉统计分析。研究结果表明：老年人休闲出行的主要空间指向是远离城市中心并以公交方式为主,出行距离和活动时间较长；但达到一定年龄后,随年龄增长的趋势明显减弱。采用结构方程模型方法,以休闲动机与出行能力制约为基本关系,探究了老年人休闲活动出行行为产生的内在规律；通过相关性分析划分了基于出行能力的老年人年龄段；构建不同年龄段老年人休闲活动出行行为参数关联性模型,分析了不同年龄段老年人行为差异的内在规律。研究结果表明：老年人休闲活动出行行为是休闲动机、出行能力交互作用产生的结果,但交互作用是间接的,表现为动机因素中的休闲需要与休闲地环境认知直接影响老年人对休闲目的地的选择,休闲地环境与出行能力共同影响出行行为的基本规律。但是,这一规律随年龄段不同而有所变化,表现为：60～71岁的老年人休闲出行主要受到休闲地特征与环境认知的影响,与子女同住的老年人休闲活动出行距离较短、出发时刻较晚,年龄与出行能力的关联性并不显著；72～77岁的老年人休闲出行同时受出行能力与休闲地环境的影响,出行能力对出行行为的影响、可达性认知对休闲地选择的影响均开始显现,出行能力随年龄的增长呈减弱的态势；78岁以上老年人的休闲活动主要受出行能力的制约,对休闲设施与可达性因素认知成为休闲地选择的主要因素。在获取老年人休闲活动出行行为敏感特征参数的基础上,运用非集计模型,构建老年人休闲活动出行方式选择模型和出发时刻选择模型,通过计算事件发生比,定量化分析了其对出行选择行为的影响程度。研究结果表明：休闲地规模、环境、老年人的年龄、出行能力、居住状态对老年人出行方式选择具有显著影响；老年人年龄、居住状态、出行方式、出行距离、休闲地规模、综合环境对休闲活动出发时刻选择具有显著影响。本研究遵照老年人生理、心理状态阶段性快速变化的客观规律,将出行能力制约性纳入休闲活动出行行为分析,使研究成果反映出老年人的特殊性,增加了研究成果的可用性。通过本研究,老年人休闲活动出行源于休闲动机、休闲动机影响出行行为,出行决策在约束条件变化时的动态相互影响机理等问题都可以得到很好的解释。
[Abstract]:So far , the study on the traffic behavior of the elderly is mainly the age - increasing driving safety problem and the time - space characteristic analysis based on the travel . The study shows that leisure is one of the most important daily activities in the urban old - age life , which can not determine the travel demand of the elderly .
Based on the principle of life cycle theory , six basic indexes for the evaluation of the travel ability of the elderly are established by using the method of daily activity ability analysis of international general purpose .
The influence path , the effect value and the changing law of the behavior characteristic parameters of the urban old people ' s leisure activities in different ages ;
Based on the statistical analysis of the characteristics of the leisure activities of the elderly , the main research contents and the main achievements are as follows : Based on the statistical analysis of the characteristics of the leisure activities of the elderly , the paper makes a cross - analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of leisure activities and the characteristics of travel behavior . The results show that the main spatial points of leisure travel of the elderly are far from the center of the city and the mode of public transport is the main , and the travel distance and the activity time are longer ;
However , after reaching a certain age , the trend of the age increase obviously decreases . The structure equation model method is adopted , which takes the leisure motivation and the travel ability as the basic relation , and explores the inherent law of the behavior of the old people ' s leisure activities .
By analyzing the correlation analysis , the age group of the elderly based on the travel ability is divided ;
The study shows that the behavior of leisure travel is the result of leisure motivation and travel ability interaction , but the interaction is indirect , the performance of leisure needs and leisure environment cognition directly affects the basic law of the behavior of the old people .
The leisure travel of the aged 72 to 77 is influenced by the travel ability and the leisure environment , and the influence of the travel ability on the trip behavior , the accessibility awareness and the influence of the leisure place selection begin to appear , and the travel ability decreases with the age ;
The leisure activities of the aged over 78 years old are mainly restricted by the ability of travel , and the cognition of leisure facilities and accessibility factors is the main factor of leisure choice . Based on the acquisition of sensitive characteristic parameters for leisure activities of the elderly , the influence degree on the choice behavior of the elderly is analyzed by using the non - lumped model . The results show that the scale , environment , age , travel ability and residence status of the elderly have significant influence on the choice of travel mode of the elderly .
The study is based on the objective law of the rapid change of the physiological and psychological state of the old people . The study is based on the objective law of the rapid change of the physiological and psychological state of the old people . The study shows the particularity of the old people and increases the availability of the research results . Through the study , the leisure activities of the elderly are derived from the leisure motivation , the leisure motivation influences the travel behavior , and the dynamic mutual influence mechanism of the travel decision in the change of the constraint conditions can be well explained .

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】