结合交通需求信息的介数中心度改进方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 11:23

本文选题：空间句法 + 城市道路网　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市道路网是城市道路交通的骨架和依托,对城市的正常运转和发展起着重要的作用。以空间句法为首的空间分析理论认为,城市空间的布局形态会影响人的出行行为,城市道路网的拓扑结构特性与道路交通流量存在着密切联系。在已有研究中,学者们一直在尝试寻找一个合适的结构特性评价指标,它与路段流量有着较高的相关性,基于高相关性可以建立它和流量之间的关系模型,并用于交通规划领域。介数中心度(betweenness centrality)一直被认为是建立该模型的理想指标,但研究表明包括介数中心度在内的传统结构特性指标受其自身定义所限,无法合理地描述路段的流量特性。本文将研究重点聚焦于介数中心度的改进工作,期望能提出一个合适的结构指标,主要研究内容和工作如下:(1)本文首先对已有的城市道路网拓扑结构抽象方法进行概述,分析了各方法的特点,并通过案例分析比较了路段法(road segment approach)和路线法(stroke approach)两种方法对城市道路网的表达效果。根据分析结果,选择路段法作为本文后续研究中的拓扑抽象方法。(2)从空间句法(space syntax)理论入手,本文分析了城市道路网及其内部道路的结构特性与流量之间的关系和影响机理。结合已有研究成果,本文分析并指出了介数中心度由其本身定义所致在描述流量时存在的局限。然后,针对性地引入交通需求信息(OD分布)对介数中心度进行改进,并给出了相应的改进方法和算法实现。(3)通过对南京和旧金山两个城市的出租车GPS数据处理,提取得到研究范围内各路段的出租车流量和相应的出行需求信息(OD分布)。由此,本文计算得到两个城市研究范围内各道路的改进指标值,并分析了路段的改进指标值与其出租车流量的相关性。结果显示,对比传统指标,本文所提改进指标与流量之间的相关性有着显著的提升。最后,以南京市某日数据为例,根据改进指标值的分布情况对研究范围内的(出租车方式下的)需求和流量分布情况做了大致分析,并与观测路段出租车流量分布情况做了比对。
[Abstract]:Urban road network is the skeleton and support of urban road traffic, which plays an important role in the normal operation and development of the city. The spatial analysis theory based on spatial syntax holds that the layout of urban space will affect the travel behavior of people and the topological structure of urban road network is closely related to the traffic flow. In the previous studies, scholars have been trying to find a suitable evaluation index of structural characteristics, which has a high correlation with the traffic flow. Based on the high correlation, the relationship between it and the flow can be established. And used in the field of traffic planning. The intermediate centrality is always regarded as an ideal index to establish the model. However, the study shows that the traditional structural characteristic index, including the centricity, is limited by its own definition, so it can not reasonably describe the flow characteristics of road sections. This paper focuses on the improvement of the centricity of the medium, and expects to put forward a suitable structural index. The main research contents and work are as follows: 1) firstly, the abstract methods of topological structure of urban road network are summarized in this paper. The characteristics of each method are analyzed, and the expression effect of road segment approach-route method on urban road network is compared by case study. Based on the results of the analysis, this paper chooses the section method as the topological abstract method in the following study of this paper. Starting with the space syntaxy theory, this paper analyzes the relationship and influence mechanism between the structural characteristics of urban road network and its internal roads and the volume of traffic. Combined with the existing research results, this paper analyzes and points out the limitations of the definition of the centricity of the medium in describing the flow. Then, the traffic demand information / OD distribution is introduced to improve the center of the medium, and the corresponding improved methods and algorithms are given to implement the GPS data processing of taxis in Nanjing and San Francisco. Extract the taxi flow and the corresponding travel demand information of each section of the study. Therefore, this paper calculates the improvement index values of each road in the study area of two cities, and analyzes the correlation between the improvement index value of the road section and the taxi flow. The results show that the correlation between the improved index and the flow rate is significantly improved compared with the traditional index. Finally, taking Nanjing as an example, according to the distribution of the improved index value, the distribution of demand and flow within the scope of the study (under the taxi mode) is analyzed roughly. And compared with the taxi traffic distribution of observation section.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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