汽车—电动二轮车碰撞事故重建及骑车人损伤研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:16

本文选题：事故重建 + 骑车人损伤　；参考：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动二轮车是交通事故中的弱势参与方,电动二轮车骑车人在交通事故中容易受到伤害。在2010-2015年间,电动二轮车交通事故量和引发的人员伤亡数逐年上升,且情况愈发严重,社会各界对于电动二轮车带来的交通安全问题也更加关注。因此,开展电动二轮车事故深度调查,分析事故发生规律,研究汽车与电动二轮车碰撞事故重建和骑车人在碰撞过程中的动力学响应过程,分析骑车人损伤的影响因素,对电动二轮车事故中骑车人的保护显得尤为重要。不仅可以为未来将二轮车碰撞事故中汽车对骑车人的安全防护水平写入中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)提供数据支撑,从而提高车辆对骑车人防护的设计水平,而且能够为交管部门修正相关的法律法规提供参考建议。本论文简单阐述电动二轮车事故深度调查的情况及方法,并对成都地区近几年的电动二轮车事故数据进行统计分析,得出了成都地区电动二轮车事故分布规律和人员损伤的特点。为了研究汽车-电动二轮车事故的重建方法和影响骑车人的损伤的因素,论文首先简要介绍了事故重建理论和方法,着重介绍PC-Crash多刚体软件事故重建方法,然后基于多刚体重建理论方法,参照典型的事故案例数据,建立汽车-电动二轮车/骑车人碰撞仿真多体动力学模型,通过对事故重建结果和真实事故案例数据的对比研究,验证该模型的合理性及PC-Crash事故重建方法的可行性。利用汽车-电动二轮车碰撞仿真多刚体动力学模型,对多起成都地区典型的事故案例重建分析,得出影响骑车人损伤的重要因素。以汽车车型、汽车碰撞车速、电动二轮车车速和碰撞类型等因素为基础设计重建仿真试验,分析各因素对骑车人头部和下肢损伤的影响。结果显示:汽车车型、汽车碰撞车速和碰撞类型是影响骑车人损伤的重要因素,而电动二轮车速度对骑车人的损伤影响不大,只对骑车人和电动二轮车的响应过程有影响。最后针对典型的汽车与电动二轮车侧面碰撞类型,讨论汽车与电动二轮车的碰撞角度和接触位置对电动二轮车骑车人头部和下肢的损伤的影响,研究结果显示:碰撞接触位置是骑车人的损伤重要影响因素,碰撞角度对骑车人头部损伤程度影响不大,对骑车人下肢损伤的影响没有明显的规律性。
[Abstract]:Electric two-wheeled vehicle is a weak participant in traffic accident. Electric two-wheeled cyclists are vulnerable to traffic accident. From 2010 to 2015, the number of traffic accidents and casualties caused by electric two-wheeled vehicles increased year by year, and the situation became more and more serious, and people from all walks of life pay more attention to the traffic safety problems caused by electric two-wheeled vehicles. Therefore, the investigation of electric two-wheeled vehicle accident depth is carried out, the accident occurrence law is analyzed, the reconstruction of the collision accident between the vehicle and the electric two-wheeled vehicle and the dynamic response process of the cyclists in the collision process are studied, and the influencing factors of the cyclists' injury are analyzed. The protection of cyclists in electric two-wheeled vehicle accidents is particularly important. It can not only provide data support for writing the level of safety protection of vehicle to cyclists in the future of two-wheeled vehicle collision accident, but also improve the design level of vehicle protection against cyclists in China's new car evaluation rules (C-NCAP). And can provide the reference suggestion for the traffic control department to amend the related laws and regulations. This paper briefly describes the situation and method of the investigation of electric two-wheeled vehicle accident depth, and carries on the statistical analysis to the electric two-wheeled vehicle accident data in Chengdu area in recent years. The characteristics of accident distribution and personnel damage of electric two-wheeled vehicle in Chengdu area are obtained. In order to study the reconstruction method of automobile electric two-wheeled vehicle accident and the factors affecting the injury of cyclists, the theory and method of accident reconstruction are introduced briefly, especially the PC-Crash multi-rigid-body software accident reconstruction method. Then, based on the theory and method of multi-rigid body reconstruction and referring to the typical accident case data, the multi-body dynamics model of vehicle electric two-wheeled vehicle / cyclists collision simulation is established, and the comparison between the result of accident reconstruction and the real accident case data is carried out. The rationality of the model and the feasibility of the PC-Crash accident reconstruction method are verified. By using the multi-rigid body dynamics model of automobile electric two-wheeled vehicle collision simulation, the reconstruction analysis of several typical accidents in Chengdu area is carried out, and the important factors affecting the injury of cyclists are obtained. Based on the factors of vehicle type, vehicle collision speed, electric two-wheeled vehicle speed and impact type, the reconstruction simulation experiment was designed to analyze the effects of various factors on the head and lower extremity injuries of cyclists. The results show that the vehicle type, vehicle collision speed and impact type are important factors affecting the injury of cyclists, while the speed of electric two-wheeled vehicle has little effect on the damage of cyclists, but only on the response process of cyclists and electric two-wheeled vehicles. Finally, aiming at the typical side impact type of vehicle and electric two-wheeled vehicle, the impact of impact angle and contact position on the head and lower extremity injury of electric two-wheeled vehicle is discussed. The results show that the collision contact position is an important factor affecting the injury of cyclists, the impact angle has little effect on the injury degree of the cyclists' head, but it has no obvious regularity on the lower extremity injuries of the cyclists.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.31

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