基于认知无线电的公交车联网传输平台设计与实现
发布时间：2018-07-29 16:19
【摘要】：近年来,随着智慧城市(Smart City)概念的提出,作为城市发展基础的交通领域受到持续关注,在此背景下,各国针对车联网(Internet of Vehicular)的研究持续升温。然而,公交车作为城市的基础服务却并未实现联网,面临着调度模式单一、信息发布不及等种种问题。 将公交车连网从而实现更高效的调度管理是车联网在公共交通领域的一项具体应用,这就使得车车通信、车人通信等多种通信模式成为了必不可少的需求,但是这其中却面临着从传感设备采集的数据信息以及面向乘客的通信服务等海量数据的发送与接收,带宽需求巨大。然而由美国电气和电子工程师协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE)提出的车联网无线通信标准体系——WAVE (Wireless Access In Vehicular Environment)协议族存在通信带宽有限、频谱利用率不够高等问题。认知无线电技术(Cognitive Radio, CR)能够通过感知频谱环境,需找空闲的授权频谱机会式接入传输,这对解决公交车联网中面临的带宽瓶颈问题是一个很好的解决途径。本文在WAVE协议族的基础上,结合国内外对认知无线电技术在车联网中应用的研究,利用软硬件仿真平台,设计并实现了基于认知无线电的公交车联网传输平台,主要工作如下： 首先介绍课题的研究背景和意义,对认知无线电的定义、功能等相关内容进行简介,另外还包括WAVE协议族以及认知无线电在车联网中应用相关研究的介绍。 接着,面对现有车联网协议中频谱利用率不高、传输不够可靠等问题,对WAVE协议族中规定的第一、二层协议进行改动,在其中融入了认知无线电技术,主要是在MAC层的多信道操作协议(IEEE1609.4multi-channel operations)中加入频谱感知、利用空闲频孔机会式接入等功能。 最后,为了评估协议改进后的传输性能,本文搭建了实际的软硬件仿真平台并设置了实际场景对平台的功能和性能进行测试与分析。平台的主要功能模块划分为频谱检测管理模块、公共支撑模块和接入控制模块三部分,其中频谱检测管理模块又细分为频谱检测控制子模块和频谱决策子模块。文章中对上述各个模块的功能以及实现细节做出了详细叙述,阐述了MAC层与上下层采用的基于UDPsocket的接口通信的具体实现,并对实验室环境下的测试结果进行了分析总结。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of intelligent city (Smart City) put forward, the transportation field, which is the basis of urban development, has been paid more and more attention. However, as the basic service of the city, the bus is not connected to the network, and it faces many problems, such as the single dispatching mode and the information release. Connecting buses to achieve more efficient dispatching and management is a specific application of vehicle networking in the field of public transportation, which makes various communication modes such as vehicle-vehicle communication, vehicle-person communication and so on become an essential requirement. However, there is a huge demand for bandwidth due to the transmission and reception of massive data such as data collected from sensor devices and communication services for passengers. However, the wireless communication standard system (wave (Wireless Access In Vehicular Environment) proposed by the American Association of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE) has some problems, such as limited communication bandwidth and low spectral efficiency. Cognitive radio technology (Cognitive Radio, CR) can find the free authorized spectrum opportunistic access transmission by sensing spectrum environment, which is a good way to solve the bottleneck of bus network bandwidth. Based on the WAVE protocol family, combined with the domestic and foreign research on the application of cognitive radio technology in vehicle networking, using the software and hardware simulation platform, the bus network transmission platform based on cognitive radio is designed and implemented. The main work is as follows: firstly, the research background and significance of the subject are introduced, and the definition and function of cognitive radio are briefly introduced. It also includes the introduction of WAVE protocol family and the application of cognitive radio in vehicle networking. Then, in the face of the problems of low spectrum efficiency and unreliable transmission in the existing vehicle networking protocols, the first and second layer protocols stipulated in the WAVE protocol family are modified, in which cognitive radio technology is incorporated. Spectrum sensing is mainly added to the multichannel operation protocol (IEEE1609.4multi-channel operations) of the MAC layer, and the idle frequency hole opportunistic access is used. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the improved protocol, this paper builds the actual software and hardware simulation platform and sets up the actual scene to test and analyze the function and performance of the platform. The main functional modules of the platform are divided into three parts: spectrum detection management module, common support module and access control module. The spectrum detection management module is subdivided into spectrum detection control module and spectrum decision module. In this paper, the functions and implementation details of each module mentioned above are described in detail, the implementation of interface communication between MAC layer and upper and lower layers based on UDPsocket is expounded, and the test results in laboratory environment are analyzed and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495;TN925
本文编号：2153239
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of intelligent city (Smart City) put forward, the transportation field, which is the basis of urban development, has been paid more and more attention. However, as the basic service of the city, the bus is not connected to the network, and it faces many problems, such as the single dispatching mode and the information release. Connecting buses to achieve more efficient dispatching and management is a specific application of vehicle networking in the field of public transportation, which makes various communication modes such as vehicle-vehicle communication, vehicle-person communication and so on become an essential requirement. However, there is a huge demand for bandwidth due to the transmission and reception of massive data such as data collected from sensor devices and communication services for passengers. However, the wireless communication standard system (wave (Wireless Access In Vehicular Environment) proposed by the American Association of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE) has some problems, such as limited communication bandwidth and low spectral efficiency. Cognitive radio technology (Cognitive Radio, CR) can find the free authorized spectrum opportunistic access transmission by sensing spectrum environment, which is a good way to solve the bottleneck of bus network bandwidth. Based on the WAVE protocol family, combined with the domestic and foreign research on the application of cognitive radio technology in vehicle networking, using the software and hardware simulation platform, the bus network transmission platform based on cognitive radio is designed and implemented. The main work is as follows: firstly, the research background and significance of the subject are introduced, and the definition and function of cognitive radio are briefly introduced. It also includes the introduction of WAVE protocol family and the application of cognitive radio in vehicle networking. Then, in the face of the problems of low spectrum efficiency and unreliable transmission in the existing vehicle networking protocols, the first and second layer protocols stipulated in the WAVE protocol family are modified, in which cognitive radio technology is incorporated. Spectrum sensing is mainly added to the multichannel operation protocol (IEEE1609.4multi-channel operations) of the MAC layer, and the idle frequency hole opportunistic access is used. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the improved protocol, this paper builds the actual software and hardware simulation platform and sets up the actual scene to test and analyze the function and performance of the platform. The main functional modules of the platform are divided into three parts: spectrum detection management module, common support module and access control module. The spectrum detection management module is subdivided into spectrum detection control module and spectrum decision module. In this paper, the functions and implementation details of each module mentioned above are described in detail, the implementation of interface communication between MAC layer and upper and lower layers based on UDPsocket is expounded, and the test results in laboratory environment are analyzed and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495;TN925
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