我国土壤环境保护标准体系优化研究与建议

发布时间：2018-01-19 14:11

本文关键词： 土壤标准体系框架结构优化方案　出处：《环境科学研究》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国现行土壤环境保护标准体系是在以GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》为核心标准的基础上逐步形成的,是根据当时我国土壤环境研究水平并结合土壤环境管理要求而制定,在一定历史时期对我国土壤污染防治和环境管理具有重要作用.但是,随着我国经济社会发展和土壤环境问题日益复杂化,该标准逐渐暴露出土壤类型和污染物控制项目覆盖面不全,与其他相关标准有部分重复、衔接性差,以及在实际工作中适用性差等问题.因而,以该标准为核心的整个土壤环境保护标准体系在完整性、系统性、协调性和适用性等方面存在不足.在系统梳理我国现行土壤环境保护标准体系构成及存在问题,分析其他国家和地方土壤环境管理制度、制订方法和相关标准的基础上,结合我国土壤环境特点和土壤环境管理需求,提出进一步完善我国土壤环境保护标准体系的框架结构优化方案,主要由土壤环境质量标准体系(土壤环境背景值、土壤污染风险筛选值、土壤修复目标值和耕地质量等级划分)、土壤环境污染防控标准体系、土壤相关配套标准体系和土壤环境基础标准体系四大类标准体系组成.此外,基于人体健康和生态安全的污染物土壤环境基准是土壤环境风险评价系列标准制订的基础.作为环境管理的基础手段,优化的土壤环境保护标准体系可为《土壤污染防治行动计划》的实施和《土壤环境保护法》的制订提供有力的技术支持.根据土壤环境具有地域性强、差异性大的特点,建议尽快出台《土壤环境保护法》,明确国家标准与地方标准各自的定位与关联,推动制订地方土壤环境保护标准,国家则应集中开展土壤环境基准、标准制订技术规范等相关研究,为土壤环境保护标准体系的完善提供基础技术支撑.
[Abstract]:The current standard system of soil environmental protection in China is gradually formed on the basis of GB 15618-1995 (soil Environmental quality Standard) as the core standard. It is based on the level of soil environmental research and combined with the requirements of soil environmental management. It plays an important role in the prevention and control of soil pollution and environmental management in a certain historical period. With the economic and social development and soil environmental problems becoming more and more complex, the standard gradually exposed the soil types and pollutant control project coverage is not complete, and other related standards have partial duplication, poor cohesion. Therefore, the whole soil environmental protection standard system based on this standard is integrality and systematicness. In the aspects of coordination and applicability, this paper systematically combed the constitution and existing problems of the current soil environmental protection standard system in China, and analyzed the soil environmental management system of other countries and localities. Based on the formulation of methods and related standards, combined with the characteristics of soil environment and the needs of soil environmental management in China, this paper puts forward a framework structure optimization scheme to further improve the standard system of soil environmental protection in China. Soil environmental quality standard system (soil environment background value, soil pollution risk screening value, soil remediation target value and cultivated land quality grade, soil environmental pollution prevention and control standard system. Soil related standard system and soil environmental basic standard system four categories of standard system. In addition. The pollutant soil environmental benchmark based on human health and ecological safety is the basis of the series of standards for soil environmental risk assessment and is the basic means of environmental management. The optimized soil environmental protection standard system can provide strong technical support for the implementation of soil pollution Prevention Action Plan and the formulation of soil Environmental Protection Law. In order to promote the establishment of local soil environmental protection standards, it is suggested that the soil environment protection law should be promulgated as soon as possible, and the orientation and correlation of national and local standards should be clearly defined in order to promote the formulation of local soil environmental protection standards. The country should focus on the research of soil environmental datum and technical specification to provide basic technical support for the improvement of soil environmental protection standard system.
【作者单位】：中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家环境保护标准制修订项目计划(2011-41) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2013-YG-014)
【分类号】：X53
【正文快照】： 我国自20世纪90年代发布实施GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》以来,根据土壤环境管理需求,又陆续发布了一系列土壤环境保护相关标准,特别是针对农用地环境保护和场地环境管理发布了十余项重要标准.这些标准紧密围绕我国土壤环境出现的突出问题和迫切的管理需求而制定,事关

【相似文献】