生活垃圾典型组分热解过程中氮的迁移和转化规律研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 17:29

本文选题：生活垃圾 + 典型组分　；参考：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的高速发展,生活垃圾产量快速增长。生活垃圾焚烧技术能够实现垃圾处理的减量化、无害化和资源化,因此得到了快速发展。生活垃圾焚烧会产生多种污染物,其中氮氧化合物会导致酸雨和光化学烟雾,对环境造成较大危害。生活垃圾组分复杂,其热解和燃烧过程中NO_x的产生规律和生成机理尚不清晰,尤其是热解过程中NO_x前驱物析出规律。本文利用热重分析仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪联用系统研究了生活垃圾典型组分热解过程中NO_x前驱物的析出特性,为低NO_x技术开发提供了理论支撑,为进一步机理研究提供了方向。本文选取了含氮量较高的三类生活垃圾典型组分作为研究对象,包括织物类、橡胶类和厨余类,考察不同种类生活垃圾典型组分热解特性及NO_x前驱物的析出特性。实验结果表明,织物及橡胶的热解呈现单一的失重峰,厨余类则呈现双失重峰,且热解温度低。NH3是织物类及橡胶类热解的主要NO_x前驱物,厨余类的热解以HCN和NH3为主。组分不同,氮向HCN、NH3和HNCO转化的选择性不同。本文研究了不同升温速率对生活垃圾典型组分NO_x前驱物析出规律的影响。结果表明,升温速率越高,NO_x前驱物的峰值析出速率增加,且析出峰向高温区移动;升温速率降低,促进了焦炭氮在高温下裂解生成HCN、NH3和HNCO。考虑不同影响因素的综合作用,升温速率对不同组分NO_x前驱物析出的影响有所不同。本文还考察了不同热解气氛对生活垃圾典型组分NO_x前驱物析出规律的影响。结果表明O2对织物类热解NO_x前驱物的析出影响较小,对橡胶和厨余类的影响较大,在高温下,橡胶和厨余在含O2气氛中有明显的NO_x前驱物析出峰,O2增加了橡胶、桔皮的NO_x前驱物的析出。而CO2抑制除桔皮外的其他组分NO_x前驱物的析出,对HNCO的抑制效果最明显。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the output of domestic garbage is increasing rapidly. MSW incineration technology can realize the reduction, innocuity and resource utilization of MSW disposal, so it has been developed rapidly. MSW incineration will produce a variety of pollutants, among which nitrogen and oxygen compounds will lead to acid rain and photochemical smog, causing great harm to the environment. The formation and mechanism of NO_x in pyrolysis and combustion of MSW are not clear, especially the precipitation of NO_x precursor during pyrolysis. In this paper, the precipitation characteristics of NO_x precursors during pyrolysis of typical components of MSW are studied by using thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which provide theoretical support for the development of low NO_x technology. It provides a direction for further study of mechanism. In this paper, three typical components of MSW with high nitrogen content were selected as the research objects, including fabric, rubber and kitchen waste. The pyrolysis characteristics of typical components and the precipitation characteristics of NO_x precursors of different kinds of MSW were investigated. The results showed that the pyrolysis of fabric and rubber showed a single weight loss peak, while the kitchen residue showed a double weight loss peak, and the pyrolysis temperature was low. NH3 was the main NO_x precursor for the pyrolysis of fabrics and rubber. The pyrolysis of kitchen residues was dominated by HCN and NH3. The selectivity of nitrogen conversion to HCN-NH3 and HNCO was different with different components. In this paper, the effects of different heating rates on the precipitation of NO_x precursors from typical components of domestic solid waste (MSW) were studied. The results show that the higher the heating rate is, the higher the peak precipitation rate of the precursor is, and the higher the temperature is, the lower the heating rate is, the higher the pyrolysis rate is, the higher the HCN-NH _ 3 and HNCO _ 3 are. Considering the comprehensive effect of different factors, the effect of heating rate on the precipitation of NO_x precursor with different components is different. The effect of pyrolysis atmosphere on the precipitation of NO_x precursor of typical components of MSW was also investigated. The results showed that O _ 2 had little effect on the precipitation of NO_x precursor of fabric pyrolysis, but had a great influence on rubber and kitchen residue. At high temperature, there was a distinct NO_x precursor precipitation peak in O _ 2-containing atmosphere, and O _ 2 increased rubber. Precipitation of NO_x precursor from orange peel. CO2 inhibited the precipitation of NO_x precursors except orange peel, and the inhibitory effect on HNCO was the most obvious.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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