种植屋面对区域热环境的影响预测研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 17:52

本文选题：种植屋面 + 区域热环境　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着城市的扩张,城市生态环境日益恶化,城市热岛效应不断加剧。种植屋面技术通过在建筑屋面种植植物,为建筑密集、用地紧张的城市区域增添绿化,有效地改善了区域下垫面的热物理性质,是解决现代城市中各种综合性问题的有效途径之一。本文针对种植屋面在城市区域中的应用,系统地研究了不同种植屋面类型及布置形式对区域热环境的影响作用。本文从热质传递机理、降温节能效果和生态环境效益等三个方面,较为全面地综述了国内外有关种植屋面的研究现状。通过对已有研究的总结与分析,摸清了课题前沿,明确了采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的研究方法,确定了本文的主要研究内容。以重庆市四处种植屋面工程实例为对象,采用现场定点观测的方法,实测了冬季、夏季和过渡季节典型气候条件下,简单式种植屋面和花园式种植屋面室外热环境状况。分析了不同类型种植屋面在不同季节气候下对室外热环境的调节作用,补充了已有研究缺少的关于花园式种植屋面以及不同季节条件下的实测数据。实验同时获得大量相关有效数据,对进一步研究种植屋面对建筑室内热环境和区域热环境的耦合节能效益,具有参考价值。在区域尺度下,首次实测了种植屋面对热环境的影响范围。在夏季工况下,采用定点观测与移动测试相结合的方法,实测了以种植屋面为中心,在垂直方向和水平方向上的温湿度分布规律。分析归类了影响区域热环境的众多因素,量化确定了种植屋面对区域热环境的影响范围。基于种植屋面传热传质机理和区域热环境形成原理,建立了种植屋面与区域热环境数学模型,并结合专用数值模拟软件研究了模型的耦合与数值化方法。针对ENVI-met专用模拟软件进行校验分析,确定其最佳初始条件、边界条件和模拟精度。首次通过实验数据验证了模型在重庆地区气候条件下的适用性。讨论分析了数值模型的局限性。结合设计规范与规划指标,从气象因子、区域规划因子和种植屋面因子三个方面,分析了区域尺度下影响种植屋面热效应的因素的取值。通过变量的组合,设计建立了29种模拟情形,系统定量地评价种植屋面类型、覆盖面积、分布方式等因素对区域热环境的影响规律,确定优化配置方案。文章最后对后续研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the city, the urban ecological environment is deteriorating day by day, and the urban heat island effect is becoming more and more serious. By planting plants on the roof of buildings, the planting technology adds greening to urban areas where buildings are concentrated and land use is tight, thus effectively improving the thermal and physical properties of the underlying surfaces of the areas. It is one of the effective ways to solve all kinds of comprehensive problems in modern cities. Aiming at the application of planting roof in urban area, the effects of different planting roof types and layout on the regional thermal environment are systematically studied in this paper. In this paper, the research status of planting roof at home and abroad is summarized comprehensively from three aspects: heat and mass transfer mechanism, cooling and energy saving effect and ecological environmental benefit. Based on the summary and analysis of the existing research, this paper finds out the frontier of the subject, makes clear the research method of combining the field measurement with numerical simulation, and determines the main research contents of this paper. Taking the example of planting roof in Chongqing as an example, the outdoor thermal environment of simple planting roof and garden planting roof were measured under typical weather conditions in winter, summer and transitional season by the method of spot observation. The effects of different planting roof on outdoor thermal environment in different seasons were analyzed, and the experimental data of garden planting roof and different seasonal conditions were added. At the same time, a large number of relevant effective data are obtained, which is of reference value for further study on the coupling energy efficiency of planting roof to the indoor thermal environment and the regional thermal environment of the building. The influence range of planting roof on thermal environment was measured for the first time at the regional scale. Under summer conditions, the temperature and humidity distribution in vertical and horizontal direction with the center of planting roof is measured by the method of combining fixed-point observation and moving test. This paper analyzes and classifies many factors that affect the regional thermal environment, and quantifies the influence range of the planting roof on the regional thermal environment. Based on the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the planting roof and the formation principle of the regional thermal environment, the mathematical model of the planting roof and the regional thermal environment is established, and the coupling and numerical methods of the model are studied with the special numerical simulation software. The optimal initial conditions, boundary conditions and simulation accuracy are determined by checking and analyzing the ENVI-met simulation software. The applicability of the model under the climatic conditions in Chongqing is verified by experimental data for the first time. The limitation of numerical model is discussed and analyzed. Based on the design criterion and planning index, the factors influencing the thermal effect of planting roof in regional scale are analyzed from three aspects: meteorological factor, regional planning factor and planting roof factor. Through the combination of variables, 29 kinds of simulation cases were designed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the type of roof, coverage area and distribution mode on the regional thermal environment, and to determine the optimal configuration scheme. Finally, the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU119.4;X16

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