基于行人过街行为的信号灯布设协调理论的研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 02:14

本文选题：城市交通　切入点：协调控制　出处：《大连交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市交通的发展,行人过街交叉口信号和日益密切的上下游交叉口信号协调控制如果做的不好,容易造成人车冲突,既增加了过街行人的危险性,又增加了机动车流的延误和停车率。本文首先对行人过街信号灯进行了布设分析,然后对行人过街交叉口和上下游交叉口的行人和机动车车流交通特性进行了分析,最后基于对行人过街信号协调控制方法进行分类研究的基础上,提出了同步信号和独立信号的三种绿波带协调方案,分析了各自适应范围,并以大连交通大学正门口行人过街信号为例,运用vissim仿真软件对方案进行了模拟实验。实验结果表明,同步式绿波带协调控制方案最适合交大正门行人过街交叉口。文章的最后在同时兼顾行人延误的基础上提出了双目标优化模型,验证了模型的可行性。主要内容如下： (1)文章在查阅了大量文献的基础上,对行人过街信号灯进行了布设分析,主要总结了布设原则和布设间距,并进行了实例布设；对行人过街交通特性进行了分析,包括行人过街行为分析,等待的心理分析,如最大可接受等待时长等；分析了通过上下游交叉口的机动车流交通特征,并对黄河路上机动车的车速特征,上下游相位差,机动车通过过街信号交叉口的车流特性以及机动车停车率进行了研究。 (2)介绍了不同行人过街信号控制方法,包括无信号控制路口,定时控制,行人请求控制方法,感应控制,协调控制,行人的二次过街控制等方法。本文主要针对过街的协调控制,行人的二次过街,以及二次过街的协调控制进行了重点研究分析。 (3)通过分析行人和机动车交通流特性,以大连交通大学正门口行人过街交叉口为例,根据现状交通状况和第五章的控制方法分析,提出了协调控制的三种方案：绿波带直通式协调控制,Φ式人行横道独立信号协调控制,Z式人行横道独立信号协调控制。并结合理论研究,对所提出的三种方案进行适应范围分析。运用vissim进行仿真,通过行人和机动车延误,停车率对比,来验证本文所提出方案的准确性和合理性。仿真结果表明：相比起不协调控制的时候,协调控制方案都可以降低延误,其中绿波带直通式协调控制方案最适合交大正门行人过街交叉口。 (4)最后对行人过街上下游协调控制进行双目标优化分析,主要分析了两个量化指标：行人的延误和机动车的延误,建立了延误的双目标优化模型。仿真结果表明,双目标优化模型要优于现状方案。基于黄河路主干道的特点,建议：在中午行人高峰的时候采用双目标优化方案,其他时候采用机动车优先的绿波带直通式方案。
[Abstract]:With the development of urban traffic, pedestrian crossing signals and the increasingly close upstream and downstream intersection signal coordination control, if not done well, easy to cause conflicts between people and cars, which not only increases the danger of pedestrians crossing the street. The delay and parking rate of vehicle flow are increased. Firstly, the traffic characteristics of pedestrian and vehicle flow at pedestrian crossing and upstream and downstream intersections are analyzed in this paper. Finally, based on the classification and research of pedestrian crossing signal coordination control method, three green band coordination schemes of synchronous signal and independent signal are proposed, and their respective adaptive ranges are analyzed. Taking the pedestrian crossing signal at the gate of Dalian Jiaotong University as an example, the scheme is simulated with vissim software. The experimental results show that, The synchronous green band coordinated control scheme is the most suitable for pedestrian crossing at the main entrance of Jiaotong University. In the end of the paper, a two-objective optimization model is proposed on the basis of taking into account the pedestrian delay at the same time, and the feasibility of the model is verified. The main contents are as follows:. On the basis of consulting a large number of documents, the article analyzes the layout of pedestrian crossing signal lights, mainly summarizes the layout principle and layout spacing, and gives an example of layout, and analyzes the characteristics of pedestrian crossing traffic. Including pedestrian crossing behavior analysis, waiting psychological analysis, such as the maximum acceptable waiting time, etc. The traffic characteristics of the vehicle flow through the upper and lower intersections are analyzed, and the speed characteristics of the vehicles on the Huanghe Road, the phase difference between the upper and lower reaches, are analyzed. The characteristics of vehicle flow and the parking rate of vehicles passing through signalized intersections are studied. This paper introduces different control methods of pedestrian crossing signal, including unsignalized intersection control, timing control, pedestrian request control method, induction control and coordinated control. This paper focuses on the coordination control of pedestrian, the secondary crossing of pedestrian, and the coordination control of secondary crossing. By analyzing the characteristics of pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic flow, taking the pedestrian crossing at the main entrance of Dalian Jiaotong University as an example, according to the current traffic situation and the control method in Chapter 5th, Three schemes of coordinated control are put forward: coordinated control of green wave band through type, coordinated control of 桅 type crosswalk independent signal and Z-type coordinated control of independent signal of crosswalk. The adaptation range of the three schemes is analyzed. The simulation is carried out by using vissim, and the comparison between pedestrian and motor vehicle delay and parking rate is carried out. The simulation results show that compared with the uncoordinated control, the coordinated control scheme can reduce the delay. The coordinated control scheme of green wave band is the most suitable for pedestrian crossing at the main entrance of Jiaotong University. Finally, the dual objective optimization analysis of the coordinated control of pedestrian crossing the upper and lower reaches of the street is carried out. Two quantitative indexes, pedestrian delay and vehicle delay, are mainly analyzed, and a dual objective optimization model of delay is established. The simulation results show that, Based on the characteristics of the main road of the Yellow River Road, it is suggested that the dual-objective optimization scheme should be adopted during the pedestrian rush hour at noon and the green wave band straight-through scheme with the priority of motor vehicle at other times.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.51

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