城市交通微循环组织优化方法及评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:04

本文选题：交通微循环　切入点：交通组织优化　出处：《长安大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着街区制的推广和已建住宅小区与单位大院的逐步打开,城市交通微循环系统将发挥越来越大的作用。目前,大多数城市交通微循环组织方案主要基于经验制定,导致微循环系统的运行效率低下;微循环系统的评价缺少完整的评价指标体系,实际中使用干线道路评价指标,导致对微循环系统的实际运行效果评价不合理。基于此,论文对微循环交通组织优化模型和系统评价进行研究,以期为交通微循环的实施提供理论和方法指导。论文界定研究对象为区域性的、长期型的、机动车交通微循环,在此基础上展开研究。交通组织优化模型方面,通过构建无信号控制交叉口、两相位信号控制交叉口和有左转专用相位的信号控制交叉口的交通阻抗函数,并与路段交通阻抗函数相结合,建立车辆行驶时间最小化函数。将其与平均饱和度最小化函数和环境影响最小化函数一并作为优化目标,从单向交通和路口流向禁限两个方面对路网交通组织进行优化,建立上层以微循环系统交通组织方案为决策变量、下层以各路段和交叉口的交通流量为决策变量的双层规划模型。针对模型的结构和特点,设计遗传算法求解,并进行算例分析验证。同时,在算例分析的微循环路网中加入机关大院的影响,分析拆除围墙前后、交通组织优化前后四种组合情景的交通状况,发现拆除围墙后交通组织优化后的交通运行状况最佳,表明开放机关大院可以在很大程度上缓解城市交通拥堵。微循环系统评价方面,论文利用灰色关联分析法和主成分赋权法对评价指标进行筛选,建立交通微循环系统评价指标体系。鉴于模糊综合评价中隶属函数较难确定,论文利用灰色关联分析法确定模糊综合评价中各指标的隶属度,建立交通微循环模糊综合评价模型。论文最后以平顶山市凌云路、矿工路、光明路和建设路围合区域为例进行交通组织优化方案设计和微循环系统评价,评价结果显示交通组织优化后的微循环系统实施效果位于良好的水平,验证了本文所建交通微循环组织优化模型和算法的有效性。研究构建了交通组织优化模型和交通微循环系统评价指标体系,使微循环交通组织方案的设计和评价指标的确定更加科学合理;算例中对开放机关大院前后交通状况的分析,支撑了我国推广街区制、逐步打开已建住宅小区和单位大院的政策。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of block system and the gradual opening of residential district and unit compound, urban traffic microcirculation system will play a more and more important role. At present, most urban traffic microcirculation organization programs are mainly based on experience. The evaluation of microcirculation system lacks a complete evaluation index system, and the use of trunk road evaluation index in practice leads to unreasonable evaluation of the actual operation effect of microcirculation system. In order to provide theoretical and methodological guidance for the implementation of traffic microcirculation, the paper defines the research object as regional, long-term, motor vehicle traffic microcirculation. In traffic organization optimization model, the traffic impedance function of signal-controlled intersection, two-phase signal-controlled intersection and signal-controlled intersection with left-turn phase is constructed. Combined with the road traffic impedance function, the vehicle travel time minimization function is established, which is combined with the mean saturation minimization function and the environmental impact minimization function as the optimization objective. The traffic organization of the road network is optimized from the aspects of one-way traffic and the restriction of intersection flow, and the upper layer is established with the traffic organization scheme of microcirculation system as the decision variable. A bilevel programming model with the traffic flow of each section and intersection as the decision variable at the lower level. According to the structure and characteristics of the model, genetic algorithm is designed to solve it, and an example is given to verify it. By adding the influence of the organ compound to the microcirculation network, the traffic conditions of the four combination scenarios before and after the removal of the wall and before and after the traffic organization optimization are analyzed. It is found that the traffic operation condition after the optimization of the traffic organization after the removal of the fence is the best. It shows that the open office compound can alleviate the traffic congestion to a great extent. In the aspect of microcirculation system evaluation, the paper uses the grey relational analysis method and the principal component weighting method to screen the evaluation index. The evaluation index system of traffic microcirculation system is established. In view of the difficulty of determining membership function in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the membership degree of each index in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is determined by grey relational analysis method. Finally, taking Lingyun Road, miners Road, Guangming Road and Construction Road as examples, traffic organization optimization scheme design and microcirculation system evaluation are carried out. The evaluation results show that the effect of the microcirculation system after traffic organization optimization is at a good level. The validity of the model and algorithm of traffic microcirculation organization optimization is verified. The traffic organization optimization model and the evaluation index system of traffic microcirculation system are constructed. It makes the design of microcirculation traffic organization scheme and the determination of evaluation index more scientific and reasonable. The analysis of traffic situation before and after the open organ compound in the calculation case supports the popularization of block system in our country. Open gradually the policy of building residential district and unit compound.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491

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