山区高速公路驾驶员视点分布特征及景观营造对策

发布时间：2018-06-03 12:14

本文选题：山区高速公路 + 眼动试验　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：山区高速公路往往具有线形复杂、人工构造物较多、空间变换频繁等特点,同时公路沿线又具有极为丰富的景观资源,这就需要充分掌握驾驶员的视觉感兴趣区域和心理特征,通过合理的景观营造改善驾驶员视觉环境,提高道路交通安全。因此,开展驾驶员的视点分布特征及景观营造技术的研究,对提高山区高速公路运营安全和美化视觉环境具有非常重要的意义。本文在总结动态视觉特征的相关理论基础上,通过对驾驶员眼动行为的分析,确定将瞳孔直径作为心理状态评价指标,以XY视角以及注视次数百分比、注视时间百分比以及平均注视时间作为驾驶员视点分布指标。通过室外实车实验,利用眼动仪记录眼动数据,根据试验目的将路段划分为三种典型空间路段(开敞空间、半郁闭空间、郁闭空间)和四种特殊路段(弯道段、路堑边坡段、隧道进口段、立交匝道段),依据XY视角将驾驶员注视区域划分为七个感兴趣区域,得到了三种典型空间环境以及四种特殊路段的驾驶员视点分布特征,分析总结了山区高速公路景观营造对策,并以铜遵高速公路为例提出了景观营造方案。通过本文的研究得到：驾驶员主要关注中间区域的中央分隔带部位；三种空间视点分布各不相同,开敞空间驾驶员视点分布均匀且心理感受较好,空间景观营造应注重各空间的和谐过渡；弯道半径越小,驾驶员越关注弯道内侧；在路侧有边坡的情况下,驾驶员较关注于边坡下部；削竹式洞门观感较好且驾驶员主要关注于洞内,端墙式洞门则主要关注端墙及周围区域；环圈式匝道感受要好于半定向式匝道,环圈式匝道视点分布集中于弯道内侧,半定向式匝道的左转段和右转段都较关注左侧区域。针对不同特征路段应采取不同的景观营造对策,可通过减小结构物体量、改变表面材质肌理、利用植物弱化硬质景观等方式,或运用绿化来引导、遮蔽、提示驾驶员的视线,以求创造出愉悦舒适的行车视觉环境,提高交通安全。本文研究所获得的成果有利于进一步完善公路景观营造方法,为高速公路建设提供借鉴与指导。
[Abstract]:Mountainous expressway often has the characteristics of complex linear shape, more artificial structures, frequent spatial changes, and so on. At the same time, there are abundant landscape resources along the highway, so it is necessary to fully grasp the region of visual interest and psychological characteristics of drivers. Through reasonable landscape construction to improve the driver's visual environment, improve the road traffic safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of driver's view distribution and landscape construction technology to improve the safety of highway operation and beautify the visual environment in mountainous area. On the basis of summarizing the relevant theories of dynamic visual characteristics and analyzing the eye movement behavior of the driver, this paper determines that the pupil diameter is regarded as the evaluation index of mental state, and the percentage of fixation times and the angle of view of XY are used to evaluate the mental state of the driver. The percentage of fixation time and the average fixation time were used as indicators of the driver's viewpoint distribution. Through outdoor real vehicle experiment, eye movement data were recorded by eye movement instrument. According to the purpose of the experiment, the section was divided into three typical space sections (open space, semi-closed space, closed space) and four special sections (bend section, cutting slope section). According to the XY angle of view, the driver's gaze area is divided into seven regions of interest, and three typical spatial environments and four special sections of view distribution characteristics of the driver's viewpoint are obtained. This paper analyzes and summarizes the landscape construction countermeasures of mountain expressway, and puts forward the landscape construction plan taking Tongzun expressway as an example. Through the research of this paper, it is concluded that the driver mainly pays attention to the central separation zone in the middle area, the distribution of the three kinds of spatial viewpoints is different, the view distribution of the open space driver is even and the psychological feeling is good. Spatial landscape construction should pay attention to the harmonious transition of each space; the smaller the curve radius, the more attention the driver pays to the inner side of the bend; in the case of side slope, the driver pays more attention to the lower part of the slope. The bamboo door has a better perception and the driver is mainly concerned with the end wall and the surrounding area, the loop ramp is better than the semi-directional ramp, and the view point of the loop type ramp is concentrated on the inner side of the bend, while the end wall door is mainly concerned with the end wall and the surrounding area, and the view point of the loop type ramp is better than that of the semi-directional ramp. The left and right sections of the semi-directional ramp are more concerned with the left region. Different landscape construction measures should be adopted in different road sections with different characteristics, such as reducing the amount of structural objects, changing the texture of the surface material, using plants to weaken the hard landscape, or using greening to guide, shield, and prompt the driver's line of sight. In order to create a pleasant and comfortable visual environment, improve traffic safety. The results obtained in this paper are helpful to further improve the method of highway landscape construction and provide reference and guidance for highway construction.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.25;U418.9

【参考文献】