快速道路可变限速控制技术
发布时间：2018-08-28 08:47
【摘要】：随着机动化交通需求迅速增长,快速道路上出现了一系列严重的交通拥堵及安全问题。科学合理的限速值能够使驾驶员车速保持在当前道路交通环境下安全范围以内,但传统快速道路限速值确定方法无法在变化的道路交通环境下为驾驶员提供安全合理的限速值,其本质属于静态限速方法。快速道路可变限速控制技术通过先进的交通流参数自动检测技术,基于实时数据对当前交通流状态进行判别,基于一定的控制策略自动对限速值进行调节,从而对交通流运行进行主动干预,实现改善通行效率及提升行车安全的目的,其本质是一种动态限速方法。作为一种新兴的快速道路主线交通控制技术,可变限速近年来得到了学术界的广泛关注,并在工程实践中取得了一定效果。但目前针对可变限速关键理论问题研究较少,尚未建立起完善的可变限速控制理论基础,严重制约着这一新兴技术的发展。论文研究的开展有助于加深理解可变限速控制对交通流影响机理,了解控制理论与控制算法对于可变限速控制效果的影响,并认识可变限速控制对于改善快速道路交通安全与通行效率的效果。从工程应用角度来看,论文研究有助于提升我国快速道路交通管理水平,改善快速道路上存在的严峻交通问题,具有重要工程应用价值。论文依托国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(No.51322810),采用欧洲、美国和我国相关数据,从机理、技术、效果、实例四方面出发,对可变限速控制技术中关键问题进行探索与研究。论文首先对可变限速控制对交通流影响机理进行研究,其次建立可变限速控制下交通流仿真计算模型,并提出可变限速控制策略与优化算法,之后对可变限速改善快速道路交通安全与通行效率的效果进行评价分析,最后针对我国快速道路交通环境特征验证可变限速控制效果,并为工程实践中限速标志布设优化问题提供解决方法。论文的主要研究内容可以具体分为如下几个方面：首先,根据快速道路可变限速控制下真实交通流数据,分析可变限速对交通流的影响机理。分析可变限速控制下车头时距分布、车辆速度分布及驾驶员对限速值遵从度等特征,研究可变限速控制对于关键交通流参数以及对交通流基本图的影响,并分析可变限速控制对快速道路瓶颈路段通行效率的影响机理。通过对快速道路交通流与交通安全间相关性进行研究,分析可变限速控制对交通安全的影响机理。其次,对可变限速控制下交通流仿真计算模型进行研究,分析可变限速控制下交通流仿真计算中关键问题,建立基本元胞传输模型并对其进行改进与二次开发,对快速道路瓶颈路段通行能力下降现象、拥堵交通流时走时停现象以及不同驾驶员遵从度下可变限速对交通流的影响进行仿真实现,提出可变限速控制下改进元胞传输模型的参数标定与验证方法,并进行实例分析。第三,将可变限速优化控制分为单目标优化与多目标优化两类,分别提出可变限速控制策略优化算法。建立基于遗传算法的单目标可变限速控制策略优化方法,算法在进化过程中寻求优化问题的系统最优解；建立基于强化学习的单目标可变限速优化控制算法,对智能体进行大量训练使其掌握不同交通流状态下最优限速策略；将多目标优化理论与多目标可变限速控制相结合,采用多目标遗传算法对多目标优化控制问题的帕累托解集进行求解计算,并分析帕累托前沿的分布特征。第四,提出面向快速道路交通安全调控的可变限速优化控制方法,重点针对常发拥堵孤立瓶颈路段以及连续瓶颈路段两类道路设施,分别建立实时交通事故风险预测模型,提出可变限速控制策略,采用遗传算法以及强化学习算法对可变限速控制效果进行优化,并对两种算法的优化控制效果及适用范围进行对比。第五,提出面向快速道路通行效率改善的可变限速优化控制方法,首先提出改进的可变限速反馈控制算法,针对入口匝道孤立瓶颈路段分析其控制效果。之后分析基于强化学习的可变限速优化控制效果,并对比反馈算法与强化学习算法在控制机理及控制效果方面的差异。针对快速道路不同交通瓶颈路段,分析可变限速与匝道控制算法的效果,提出可变限速与匝道协调控制算法,建立不同路段及交通流情况下最优算法选择方法。第六,针对多目标可变限速控制优化问题进行研究,提出旨在同时改善快速道路交通安全与通行效率的可变限速控制策略,采用多目标遗传算法对多目标可变限速控制的帕累托解集进行求解计算,分析帕累托解集在各优化目标的控制效果,并分析不同限速标志布设及驾驶员遵从度情况下帕累托前沿分布特征,为最优策略选择提供决策支持。第七,针对面向我国快速道路的可变限速控制进行实例分析,对我国快速道路设施特征、交通流运行规律及交通拥堵生成机理进行分析,提出面向我国快速道路交通环境的可变限速控制方案,根据采用我国数据标定后的元胞传输模型,仿真分析可变限速控制策略对于减少我国快速道路通行时间及事故风险的效果,并与以往控制策略的效果进行对比。最后,针对快速道路主线可变限速标志优化布设问题开展研究,提出一种可变限速标志布设位置优化确定方法。该方法根据事故风险模型对危险瓶颈路段进行识别,根据不同可变限速控制路段长度及限速标志布设密度设置多种布设方案,对每种方案下可变限速控制效果进行评价,并且针对不同方案进行投资-效益分析,从而确定最优限速标志布设方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of motorized traffic demand, a series of serious traffic congestion and safety problems have arisen on expressways. Scientific and reasonable speed limits can keep the driver's speed within the safe range of the current road traffic environment, but the traditional speed limits can not be determined in the changing road traffic environment. Drivers provide safe and reasonable speed limits, which are essentially static speed limits. Expressway variable speed limits control technology uses advanced automatic detection technology of traffic flow parameters, discriminates the current traffic flow state based on real-time data, and automatically adjusts the speed limits based on a certain control strategy, thereby moving traffic flow forward. Active traffic intervention is a kind of dynamic speed limit method, which can improve traffic efficiency and enhance traffic safety. As a new traffic control technology of Expressway main line, variable speed limit has been widely concerned by academia in recent years, and has achieved some results in engineering practice. But at present, it is the key to variable speed limit. The development of this new technology is severely constrained by the lack of theoretical research and the lack of a sound theoretical basis for variable speed limit control. The research in this paper will help to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of variable speed limit control on traffic flow, understand the impact of control theory and control algorithm on the effect of variable speed limit control, and understand the variable speed limit. Speed control can improve the safety and efficiency of Expressway traffic. From the point of view of Engineering application, this paper is helpful to improve the management level of expressway traffic and the severe traffic problems on expressway. It has important engineering application value. Jin (No. 51322810), using data from Europe, the United States and China, explores and studies the key problems in variable speed limit control technology from four aspects: mechanism, technology, effect and example. Firstly, the paper studies the mechanism of variable speed limit control on traffic flow, and then establishes a traffic flow simulation model under variable speed limit control. Then the effect of variable speed limit on improving traffic safety and traffic efficiency of expressway is evaluated and analyzed. Finally, the effect of variable speed limit control is verified according to the traffic environment characteristics of Expressway in China, and the solution to the problem of speed limit sign layout optimization in engineering practice is provided. The main research contents can be divided into the following aspects: Firstly, according to the real traffic flow data under the variable speed limit control of expressway, the influence mechanism of variable speed limit on traffic flow is analyzed. The influence of control on key traffic flow parameters and basic traffic flow diagram is analyzed, and the mechanism of variable speed limit control on the efficiency of bottleneck section of expressway is analyzed. The traffic flow simulation calculation model under control is studied. The key problems in the traffic flow simulation calculation under variable speed limit control are analyzed. The basic cell transmission model is established and improved and redeveloped. The phenomena of capacity decline at the bottleneck section of expressway, the phenomenon of stop-and-go in congested traffic flow and different drivers'compliance are studied. The influence of variable speed limit on traffic flow is simulated, and the parameter calibration and validation method of improved cellular transmission model under variable speed limit control are proposed. Finally, the variable speed limit optimization control is divided into single-objective optimization and multi-objective optimization, and the variable speed limit control strategy optimization algorithm is proposed. A single-objective variable-speed-limit control strategy optimization method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The algorithm seeks the optimal solution of the optimization problem in the process of evolution. A single-objective variable-speed-limit optimization control algorithm based on reinforcement learning is established to train the agent to master the optimal speed-limit strategy under different traffic flow conditions. Combining with multi-objective variable speed-limit control, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the Pareto solution set of multi-objective optimal control problems, and the distribution characteristics of Pareto frontier are analyzed. Fourthly, a variable speed-limit optimal control method for fast road traffic safety control is proposed, focusing on isolated bottlenecks with frequent congestion. The real-time traffic accident risk prediction models are established for two types of road facilities: section and continuous bottleneck section. The variable speed limit control strategy is proposed. The effect of variable speed limit control is optimized by using genetic algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm. The optimal control effect and application range of the two algorithms are compared. Fifthly, the fast-oriented control strategy is proposed. Firstly, an improved variable speed-limiting feedback control algorithm is proposed to analyze the control effect of isolated bottleneck section of on-ramp. Then, the variable speed-limiting optimal control effect based on reinforcement learning is analyzed, and the control mechanism and control strategy of feedback algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm are compared. According to different traffic bottleneck sections of expressway, this paper analyzes the effect of variable speed limit and ramp control algorithm, proposes variable speed limit and ramp coordinated control algorithm, and establishes the optimal algorithm selection method for different sections and traffic flow. Sixthly, the multi-objective variable speed limit control optimization problem is studied and proposed. Variable speed-limit control strategy is designed to improve traffic safety and traffic efficiency simultaneously. The Pareto solution set of multi-objective variable speed-limit control is solved by using multi-objective genetic algorithm. The control effect of Pareto solution set in each optimization objective is analyzed, and different speed-limit signs and driver compliance are analyzed. Pareto Frontier Distribution Characteristic provides decision support for optimal strategy selection. Seventh, this paper analyzes the variable speed limit control for expressways in China, analyzes the features of Expressway facilities, traffic flow operation law and traffic congestion generation mechanism, and proposes variable speed limit for expressways in China. According to the cell transmission model calibrated by our country's data, the effect of variable speed limit control strategy on reducing the traffic time and accident risk of our country's expressway is simulated and analyzed, and compared with the effect of the previous control strategy. This paper presents an optimization method for determining the location of variable speed limit signs.The method identifies dangerous bottleneck sections according to accident risk model,sets various layout schemes according to different length of variable speed limit control sections and density of speed limit signs,evaluates the effect of variable speed limit control under each scheme,and evaluates the control effect for different parties. The investment benefit analysis is carried out to determine the optimal speed limit sign layout plan.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
，
本文编号：2208890
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of motorized traffic demand, a series of serious traffic congestion and safety problems have arisen on expressways. Scientific and reasonable speed limits can keep the driver's speed within the safe range of the current road traffic environment, but the traditional speed limits can not be determined in the changing road traffic environment. Drivers provide safe and reasonable speed limits, which are essentially static speed limits. Expressway variable speed limits control technology uses advanced automatic detection technology of traffic flow parameters, discriminates the current traffic flow state based on real-time data, and automatically adjusts the speed limits based on a certain control strategy, thereby moving traffic flow forward. Active traffic intervention is a kind of dynamic speed limit method, which can improve traffic efficiency and enhance traffic safety. As a new traffic control technology of Expressway main line, variable speed limit has been widely concerned by academia in recent years, and has achieved some results in engineering practice. But at present, it is the key to variable speed limit. The development of this new technology is severely constrained by the lack of theoretical research and the lack of a sound theoretical basis for variable speed limit control. The research in this paper will help to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of variable speed limit control on traffic flow, understand the impact of control theory and control algorithm on the effect of variable speed limit control, and understand the variable speed limit. Speed control can improve the safety and efficiency of Expressway traffic. From the point of view of Engineering application, this paper is helpful to improve the management level of expressway traffic and the severe traffic problems on expressway. It has important engineering application value. Jin (No. 51322810), using data from Europe, the United States and China, explores and studies the key problems in variable speed limit control technology from four aspects: mechanism, technology, effect and example. Firstly, the paper studies the mechanism of variable speed limit control on traffic flow, and then establishes a traffic flow simulation model under variable speed limit control. Then the effect of variable speed limit on improving traffic safety and traffic efficiency of expressway is evaluated and analyzed. Finally, the effect of variable speed limit control is verified according to the traffic environment characteristics of Expressway in China, and the solution to the problem of speed limit sign layout optimization in engineering practice is provided. The main research contents can be divided into the following aspects: Firstly, according to the real traffic flow data under the variable speed limit control of expressway, the influence mechanism of variable speed limit on traffic flow is analyzed. The influence of control on key traffic flow parameters and basic traffic flow diagram is analyzed, and the mechanism of variable speed limit control on the efficiency of bottleneck section of expressway is analyzed. The traffic flow simulation calculation model under control is studied. The key problems in the traffic flow simulation calculation under variable speed limit control are analyzed. The basic cell transmission model is established and improved and redeveloped. The phenomena of capacity decline at the bottleneck section of expressway, the phenomenon of stop-and-go in congested traffic flow and different drivers'compliance are studied. The influence of variable speed limit on traffic flow is simulated, and the parameter calibration and validation method of improved cellular transmission model under variable speed limit control are proposed. Finally, the variable speed limit optimization control is divided into single-objective optimization and multi-objective optimization, and the variable speed limit control strategy optimization algorithm is proposed. A single-objective variable-speed-limit control strategy optimization method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. The algorithm seeks the optimal solution of the optimization problem in the process of evolution. A single-objective variable-speed-limit optimization control algorithm based on reinforcement learning is established to train the agent to master the optimal speed-limit strategy under different traffic flow conditions. Combining with multi-objective variable speed-limit control, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the Pareto solution set of multi-objective optimal control problems, and the distribution characteristics of Pareto frontier are analyzed. Fourthly, a variable speed-limit optimal control method for fast road traffic safety control is proposed, focusing on isolated bottlenecks with frequent congestion. The real-time traffic accident risk prediction models are established for two types of road facilities: section and continuous bottleneck section. The variable speed limit control strategy is proposed. The effect of variable speed limit control is optimized by using genetic algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm. The optimal control effect and application range of the two algorithms are compared. Fifthly, the fast-oriented control strategy is proposed. Firstly, an improved variable speed-limiting feedback control algorithm is proposed to analyze the control effect of isolated bottleneck section of on-ramp. Then, the variable speed-limiting optimal control effect based on reinforcement learning is analyzed, and the control mechanism and control strategy of feedback algorithm and reinforcement learning algorithm are compared. According to different traffic bottleneck sections of expressway, this paper analyzes the effect of variable speed limit and ramp control algorithm, proposes variable speed limit and ramp coordinated control algorithm, and establishes the optimal algorithm selection method for different sections and traffic flow. Sixthly, the multi-objective variable speed limit control optimization problem is studied and proposed. Variable speed-limit control strategy is designed to improve traffic safety and traffic efficiency simultaneously. The Pareto solution set of multi-objective variable speed-limit control is solved by using multi-objective genetic algorithm. The control effect of Pareto solution set in each optimization objective is analyzed, and different speed-limit signs and driver compliance are analyzed. Pareto Frontier Distribution Characteristic provides decision support for optimal strategy selection. Seventh, this paper analyzes the variable speed limit control for expressways in China, analyzes the features of Expressway facilities, traffic flow operation law and traffic congestion generation mechanism, and proposes variable speed limit for expressways in China. According to the cell transmission model calibrated by our country's data, the effect of variable speed limit control strategy on reducing the traffic time and accident risk of our country's expressway is simulated and analyzed, and compared with the effect of the previous control strategy. This paper presents an optimization method for determining the location of variable speed limit signs.The method identifies dangerous bottleneck sections according to accident risk model,sets various layout schemes according to different length of variable speed limit control sections and density of speed limit signs,evaluates the effect of variable speed limit control under each scheme,and evaluates the control effect for different parties. The investment benefit analysis is carried out to determine the optimal speed limit sign layout plan.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491
，
本文编号：2208890
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/jiaotonggongchenglunwen/2208890.html
