非自航设备长江运输方案的研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 09:16

【摘要】：在全球经济一体化的今天，船舶运输事业得到迅速繁荣，在促进和带动沿江经济社会发展中，我国长江航运的地位和作用也越来越明显。随着航道内水上设备拖带运输作业不断增加，内河航道的通航密度随之增加，受制于内河航道水域窄、水深相对较浅的水域特点，船舶及设备容易在航道内发生事故。有必要研究设计船舶运输方案，控制并降低船舶运输风险，保障船舶运输安全，防止造成航道污染。本文拟研究的非自航设备是一种造价相对高昂、在运输过程中自身不具备抛锚系统、不使用自身舵系控制航行的特殊船舶。作为船舶的一种，非自航设备是指自身不具备推进动力系统或者自身具备推进动力系统但由于某种原因而不能使用动力系统。对长江航运相关方的调研显示，该类非自航设备的运输过程包括建造后运往长江口交付以及需修理时又运回建造点这两个过程。本文的综合设计基于这两个阶段，并着重从方案的应用性进行考量。非自航设备长江运输具有专业性强、技术难度大、占用资源多、组织计划严密等特点，是一项具有高风险的水上作业。加之长江干线航道水域具有复杂性，部分流域的水流流速为急速，另外还受操纵人员的影响，非自航设备在运输过程中容易发生缆绳断裂、设备碰撞、操纵失控等事故。因此，对长江干线航道的通航环境、运输方案设计、安全风险评估、作业组织实施进行系统研究有一定的科研价值。本课题依托某单位非自航设备长江运输为研究对象，从分析长江干线航道通航环境入手，设计适用于非自航设备长江运输的方案，本文具体设计了常规拖带、船坞拖带和半潜船拖带等三种类型的拖带方式；通过模型计算选择缆绳，简要设计了用缆绳进行捆绑加固的方式，，共有倒缆、艏缆、尾缆、操纵缆等四种走缆方法；运用故障树分析方法来探讨非自航设备长江运输编队系统的安全性，建立非自航设备故障树，找出非自航设备长江运输实施过程的薄弱环节；分析非自航设备长江运输的作业组织及实施，制定相关人员培训大纲，提出缆绳防摩擦措施，提出起运前的可靠性确认流程及险情应对方案。非自航设备长江运输方案的研究不仅为系统研究船舶内河航道运输作业拓展视野，也为非自航设备运输提供实践指导。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of the global economy, the shipping industry is booming rapidly. In promoting and promoting the economic and social development along the Yangtze River, the status and role of shipping along the Yangtze River in China is becoming more and more obvious. With the increasing of equipment towing and transportation in the waterway, the navigable density of inland waterway increases, which is restricted by the characteristics of narrow inland waterway and relatively shallow water depth. Ships and equipment are prone to accidents in the waterway. It is necessary to study and design the ship transportation scheme to control and reduce the risk of ship transportation, to ensure the safety of ship transportation and to prevent the pollution of waterway. The non-self-propelled equipment to be studied in this paper is a special ship which has relatively high cost and does not have an anchor system and does not use its own rudder to control navigation during the transportation process. As a kind of ship, non-self-propelled equipment means that it does not have propulsion power system or has propulsion power system, but it can not use power system for some reason. The investigation on the related parties of Yangtze River shipping shows that the transport process of this kind of non-self-propelled equipment consists of two processes: after construction and delivery to the Yangtze River Estuary and back to the construction point when repairs are needed. The comprehensive design of this paper is based on these two stages and focuses on the application of the scheme. Non-self-navigation equipment Yangtze River transportation is a high risk water operation with the characteristics of strong specialization, high technical difficulty, high occupation of resources and strict organization and planning. In addition, the main waterway of the Yangtze River is complicated, the flow velocity in some river basins is rapid, and also affected by the operator. During the transportation of non-self-propelled equipment, accidents such as cable breakage, equipment collision and runaway manipulation are easy to occur. Therefore, the research on the navigation environment, transportation scheme design, safety risk assessment and operation organization of the Yangtze River trunk waterway has certain scientific research value. Based on the analysis of the navigation environment of the Yangtze River main channel, the paper designs a scheme suitable for the Yangtze River transportation of the non-self-propelled equipment. The conventional towing is designed in this paper, based on the analysis of the navigation environment of the Yangtze River, which is a non-self-propelled equipment of a certain unit. There are three types of towing modes, such as dock towing and semi-submersible ship towing, the cable is selected by model calculation, and the way of bundling and strengthening with cable is designed briefly. There are four kinds of cable routing methods: inverted cable, bow cable, tail cable and control cable. The fault tree analysis method is used to discuss the security of the Yangtze River transport formation system, to establish the fault tree of the non-self-propelled equipment, and to find out the weak links in the implementation process of the non-self-propelled equipment in the Yangtze River. This paper analyzes the operation organization and implementation of non-self-propelled equipment for Yangtze River transportation, formulates the training outline of related personnel, puts forward the anti-friction measures of cable, and puts forward the process of reliability confirmation before departure and the plan to deal with the danger. The study of non-self-propelled equipment not only extends the horizon for the systematic study of vessel inland waterway transportation, but also provides practical guidance for the non-self-propelled equipment transportation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U695.2

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