基于中点破坏模型的本土化桥梁全生命周期环境影响评价

发布时间：2018-10-22 19:34

【摘要】：桥梁作为现代交通系统的重要组成部分,对我国的经济发展、社会进步以及人们的生产生活有着深远的影响。我国桥梁建设迅速发展的同时,也带来了日益凸显的环境问题。为了适应建筑工业可持续发展的趋势,结合桥梁工程诸多特殊性,建立我国本土化的桥梁生命周期影响评价体系,整理完善桥梁材料及能耗的生命周期清单数据,为既有桥梁的维修加固及新建桥梁设计施工提供定量环境影响评价有其重要意义。本文针对目前桥梁生命周期评价存在的一些热点问题,比如：桥梁生命周期评价缺乏合适的清单数据、桥梁数据及工况信息收集不够全面准确、缺乏本土化的桥梁生命周期评价体系等,展开了以下研究工作： (1)结合桥梁工程特点,确定了桥梁LCA的评价边界与范围,在生命周期评价中点破坏模型的基础上,将中国本土化的特征化因子、标准化系数及权重系数引入到桥梁生命周期评价中,建立本土化的桥梁生命周期评价体系； (2)根据确定的桥梁生命周期评价的边界与范围,大量收集、整合、完善桥梁工程中基本建筑材料、能源、加固材料的输入输出清单； (3)基于所建立的本土化桥梁生命周期评价方法对桥梁材料生产阶段、施工阶段、加固阶段与拆除阶段所涉及到的各种材料、资源、能源进行单位重量或单位体积材料、资源、能源的环境影响计算分析。 (4)结合桥梁工程实例,重点针对桥梁运营加固阶段进行环境影响分析,通过对一座承载能力不足的简支梁桥T型梁的进行加固计算,确定桥梁的最优加固方案,对比常用的四种加固方法(增大截面加固法、粘贴钢板加固法、粘贴纤维增强复合材料加固法和体外预应力加固法)的环境影响；且对比分析桥梁运营加固阶段的桥面重新铺装、运营用电、加固、车辆绕行等方面的环境影响。 (5)分别对桥梁材料生产阶段、施工阶段、运营加固阶段、拆除阶段进行环境影响分析,确定每个阶段主要的环境影响效应；从整个桥梁生命周期的角度,对比分析不同阶段之间的环境影响效应,并且确定不同影响类型环境潜值的主要来源阶段。
[Abstract]:As an important part of modern transportation system, bridge has a profound influence on our country's economic development, social progress and people's production and life. With the rapid development of bridge construction in China, it also brings more and more prominent environmental problems. In order to adapt to the trend of sustainable development of construction industry and combine with many particularities of bridge engineering, a native bridge life cycle impact assessment system is established, and the life cycle inventory data of bridge materials and energy consumption are collated and perfected. It is of great significance to provide quantitative environmental impact assessment for the maintenance and reinforcement of existing bridges and the design and construction of new bridges. This paper aims at some hot issues existing in bridge life cycle assessment, such as the lack of appropriate inventory data, the lack of comprehensive and accurate information collection of bridge life cycle evaluation, and the lack of comprehensive and accurate information collection on bridge life cycle evaluation. In the absence of a native bridge life cycle evaluation system, the following research works are carried out: (1) considering the characteristics of bridge engineering, the evaluation boundary and scope of bridge LCA are determined, based on the failure model of mid-point in life cycle evaluation. The characteristic factor, standardization coefficient and weight coefficient of Chinese localization are introduced into the bridge life cycle evaluation, and the local bridge life cycle evaluation system is established. (2) according to the determined boundary and range of bridge life cycle evaluation, the input and output lists of basic building materials, energy and reinforcement materials in bridge engineering should be collected and integrated in large quantities; (3) based on the established life cycle evaluation method of local bridges, the materials and resources involved in the production, construction, reinforcement and demolition of bridge materials are discussed. Energy is calculated and analyzed by unit weight or unit volume of materials, resources, and energy. (4) combined with bridge engineering examples, the environmental impact analysis is focused on the bridge operation and reinforcement stage. Through the reinforcement calculation of T-shaped beam of a simply supported beam bridge with insufficient bearing capacity, the optimal reinforcement scheme of the bridge is determined, and the four commonly used reinforcement methods (the reinforcement method of increasing section, the method of strengthening with steel plate, the method of strengthening with steel plate) are compared. The environmental impact of bonded fiber reinforced composite strengthening method and external prestressing reinforcement method), and the comparative analysis of bridge deck re-paving, operation electricity consumption, reinforcement in the stage of bridge operation reinforcement, (5) Environmental impact analysis of bridge material production stage, construction stage, operation reinforcement stage, demolition stage, etc. (5) to determine the main environmental impact effects in each stage; From the point of view of the whole bridge life cycle, the environmental impact effects between different stages are compared and analyzed, and the main source stages of the environmental potentials of different influence types are determined.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U442;X82

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