丹江口水库下游河道对汉江调水响应机制及航道整治对策研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 21:02
【摘要】：汉江是长江中游最大的支流,是连通长江航道的主要水运干线。然而南水北调中线调水后,汉江丹江口水库下游河段来流量开始减小、来流过程也发生较大变化,坝下河道将进入新—轮的重新调整。因此,在新形势下汉江航运优势发挥也将面临诸多问题与挑战。本文在系统分析调水前后汉江中下游来水来沙特性的基础上,对汉江丹江口坝下河道演变的复杂响应机制进行了研究,提出了汛后航槽尺度恢复需水量的概念并根据统计资料进行了分析,建立了适用于汉江调水后复杂水沙条件下航道整治参数的计算模式。论文的主要研究成果和结论可归纳如下： (1)研究得出调水后汉江中下游河道径流变化主要特征有：非汛期流量减小幅度较大,退水期中水流量持续时间明显缩短；枯季流量与现状基本持平,汉江中下游将出现长低水历时；中小洪峰大幅削减甚至消失,年内径流变化表现出严重的不均衡性。 (2)调水对河道演变的影响无论从空间上还是从时间上都是从上游逐渐向下游发展的,河段上游部分的河床冲淤幅度明显大于下游段,随着时间的推移,冲淤变化逐渐向下游发展,呈现出了典型的时空演替现象,同时也表现出河床冲淤变形的累积效应。此外河段冲淤变化还表现出典型的深槽与浅滩冲淤变化的空间分异特性。流量过程的改变不仅对典型浅滩河段的冲淤变化幅度有着重要影响,而且对河道沿程水位、水深等也有着深刻的影响,同时随着上游来流水动力条件的减弱,汉江中下游局部河段的岸滩崩塌等横向调整强度会有所缓解。 (3)以汉江下游兴隆至仙桃河段为例,分别采用冲淤分析法和人工神经网络方法(ANN)计算了汛后航槽恢复需水量,并与调水前后非汛期的退水时段来流量进行了对比,得出自然演变难以达到设计航槽尺度要求的结论,并提出汉江下游河道必须进行必要的航道整治工程进行人工干预,改变河道输水输沙的断面形态,促进汛后中枯水河槽的形成才能实现并维持设计航槽尺度的即期目标。 (4)在对调水后长江水位顶托影响范围变化分析的基础上,将汉江中下游河段分为不顶托河段、顶托变化段以及常年顶托段。针对不顶托河段和顶托时间为枯水期的顶托变化河段,分别提出了有效时段输沙能力法和枯水期水位保证率法的整治水位计算方法,对于顶托时间为退水期的顶托变化河段,可采用比降法、水位相关法以及枯水水面线法等综合计算。 (5)针对汉江下游的悬移质造床河段,根据挟沙水流输移的能量耗散以及输沙平衡特性,提出了浅滩河段整治线宽度的计算方法,同时提出了基于断面最大输沙率的整治参数组合优选判别方法。并给出了调水后航道整治建筑物结构与布置的相关建议。
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River is the largest tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, after transferring water from the middle route of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, the incoming discharge of the lower reaches of the Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Hanjiang River began to decrease, and the flow process also changed greatly, and the channel under the dam will be re-adjusted by the new wheel. Therefore, in the new situation, the advantages of Hanjiang shipping will also face many problems and challenges. Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of water and sediment coming from the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River before and after the water transfer, the complex response mechanism of the evolution of the channel under the dam of the Danjiangkou dam of the Hanjiang River is studied in this paper. This paper puts forward the concept of recovery water demand of channel scale after flood and analyzes it according to the statistical data. The calculation model of channel regulation parameters suitable for complicated water and sediment conditions after water transfer in Hanjiang River is established. The main research results and conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) the main characteristics of runoff variation in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River after water transfer are as follows: the non-flood season discharge decreases greatly, and the water discharge duration in the receding period is shortened obviously; In the dry season, the discharge is basically equal to the present situation, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will have a long and low water duration, and the medium and small Hong Feng will reduce or even disappear significantly, and the runoff changes in the year will show a serious imbalance. (2) the influence of water transfer on the evolution of river course is gradually developing from upstream to downstream in both space and time. The range of scour and deposition in upstream part of the reach is obviously larger than that in downstream section, and with the passage of time, the extent of erosion and deposition in the upper part of the reach is obviously greater than that in the downstream section. The change of scour and silt gradually develops to the downstream, showing the typical temporal and spatial succession phenomenon, and also showing the cumulative effect of the erosion and siltation deformation of the river bed. In addition, the scour and siltation change of the reach also shows the spatial differentiation of the typical deep-channel and shoal scour and siltation changes. The change of discharge process not only has an important influence on the range of scour and deposition in a typical shoal reach, but also has a profound influence on the water level and water depth along the river course. At the same time, with the weakening of the dynamic conditions of the upstream flow, The lateral adjustment intensity such as bank collapse in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be alleviated. (3) taking the Xinglong to Xiantao reach in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River as an example, the recovery water demand of the channel after flood is calculated by using the method of scour and siltation analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), and compared with the return water flow in the non-flood season before and after the water transfer. It is concluded that the natural evolution is difficult to meet the requirements of design channel scale, and it is proposed that the necessary channel regulation engineering must be carried out in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to carry out artificial intervention to change the cross section shape of water and sediment transport in the river course. Only by promoting the formation of mid-low channel after flood, can we achieve and maintain the immediate goal of designing navigation channel. (4) based on the analysis of the influence range of water level top support after water transfer, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River are divided into three sections: the non-top support section, the top support variation section and the perennial top support section. In view of the changing river reach with no top support and top support time in dry season, the calculation methods of regulation water level of effective period sediment transport capacity method and water level guarantee rate method in low water period are put forward, respectively. Comprehensive calculation can be carried out by ratio drop method, water level correlation method and low water surface line method. (5) according to the energy dissipation of sediment carrying flow and the characteristics of sediment transport balance, a method for calculating the width of regulation line of shoal reach is put forward according to the suspended bed making reach in the lower reaches of Hanjiang River. At the same time, the optimal selection method of regulation parameters based on maximum sediment transport rate of section is put forward. Some suggestions on the structure and arrangement of the waterway after water transfer are given.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV147;U617
本文编号：2334449
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River is the largest tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, after transferring water from the middle route of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, the incoming discharge of the lower reaches of the Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Hanjiang River began to decrease, and the flow process also changed greatly, and the channel under the dam will be re-adjusted by the new wheel. Therefore, in the new situation, the advantages of Hanjiang shipping will also face many problems and challenges. Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of water and sediment coming from the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River before and after the water transfer, the complex response mechanism of the evolution of the channel under the dam of the Danjiangkou dam of the Hanjiang River is studied in this paper. This paper puts forward the concept of recovery water demand of channel scale after flood and analyzes it according to the statistical data. The calculation model of channel regulation parameters suitable for complicated water and sediment conditions after water transfer in Hanjiang River is established. The main research results and conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) the main characteristics of runoff variation in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River after water transfer are as follows: the non-flood season discharge decreases greatly, and the water discharge duration in the receding period is shortened obviously; In the dry season, the discharge is basically equal to the present situation, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will have a long and low water duration, and the medium and small Hong Feng will reduce or even disappear significantly, and the runoff changes in the year will show a serious imbalance. (2) the influence of water transfer on the evolution of river course is gradually developing from upstream to downstream in both space and time. The range of scour and deposition in upstream part of the reach is obviously larger than that in downstream section, and with the passage of time, the extent of erosion and deposition in the upper part of the reach is obviously greater than that in the downstream section. The change of scour and silt gradually develops to the downstream, showing the typical temporal and spatial succession phenomenon, and also showing the cumulative effect of the erosion and siltation deformation of the river bed. In addition, the scour and siltation change of the reach also shows the spatial differentiation of the typical deep-channel and shoal scour and siltation changes. The change of discharge process not only has an important influence on the range of scour and deposition in a typical shoal reach, but also has a profound influence on the water level and water depth along the river course. At the same time, with the weakening of the dynamic conditions of the upstream flow, The lateral adjustment intensity such as bank collapse in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be alleviated. (3) taking the Xinglong to Xiantao reach in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River as an example, the recovery water demand of the channel after flood is calculated by using the method of scour and siltation analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), and compared with the return water flow in the non-flood season before and after the water transfer. It is concluded that the natural evolution is difficult to meet the requirements of design channel scale, and it is proposed that the necessary channel regulation engineering must be carried out in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to carry out artificial intervention to change the cross section shape of water and sediment transport in the river course. Only by promoting the formation of mid-low channel after flood, can we achieve and maintain the immediate goal of designing navigation channel. (4) based on the analysis of the influence range of water level top support after water transfer, the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River are divided into three sections: the non-top support section, the top support variation section and the perennial top support section. In view of the changing river reach with no top support and top support time in dry season, the calculation methods of regulation water level of effective period sediment transport capacity method and water level guarantee rate method in low water period are put forward, respectively. Comprehensive calculation can be carried out by ratio drop method, water level correlation method and low water surface line method. (5) according to the energy dissipation of sediment carrying flow and the characteristics of sediment transport balance, a method for calculating the width of regulation line of shoal reach is put forward according to the suspended bed making reach in the lower reaches of Hanjiang River. At the same time, the optimal selection method of regulation parameters based on maximum sediment transport rate of section is put forward. Some suggestions on the structure and arrangement of the waterway after water transfer are given.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV147;U617
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