交叉口处公交车排放测算的延误修正模型研究
发布时间：2018-11-23 15:04
【摘要】：公交车具有运量大、效率高、人均排放少等优点。因此,大力发展公交车系统不仅可以缓解城市交通拥堵,还可以减少污染的排放和能源的消耗。众所周知,交叉口处车辆排放相比路段较高,又是人口密集点。虽然目前有一些关于交叉口处公交车排放的研究,却很少有学者研究交叉口处常用交通运行评价指标与公交车排放的关系数学模型。因此本文研究了交叉口处的公交车常用运行评价指标与排放的关系。 本文利用大量的北京市柴油公交车实测的排放数据和行驶工况数据,分析延误与排放的关系,建立基于VSP分布的交叉口处柴油公交车排放的延误修正模型。首先,提出了VSP Bin划分方法,以lkw/t为步长划分VSP Bin,当速度和加速度都为0时, VSP Bin为Bin16。基于PEMS测试的大量排放数据计算柴油公交车不同VSPBin的排放率,建立了基于VSP参数的柴油公交车排放预测模型。然后,根据柴油公交车在交叉口处的转向和交叉口类型确定了交叉口研究区域的大小,基于GPS采集的行驶工况数据最终筛选出2002组交叉口处柴油公交车行驶工况数据,计算各组数据的延误及VSP分布,分析不同交叉口类型(次-次型交叉口和次-支型交叉口)和不同停车次数(0次停车、1次停车、2次停车)下各延误对应的VSP分布,发现0次停车时VSP分布图类似于正态分布,Bin0处分布率高,两侧逐渐减小,并且Bin16的分布率为0。1次停车和2次停车的VSP分布图相似,Bin16的分布率远高于其他Bin的,且随着延误地增加而增加,但增长速度逐渐下降。两种交叉口类型的VSP分布与延误关系图相似,Bin16处的分布率大,但延误较小时次-次型交叉口的VSP分布较次-支型交叉口的更为集中在Bin0处。接着,计算每组数据所对应的排放因子,确定不同交叉口类型的基本排放因子,最终计算得到不同交叉口类型不同停车次数下各延误所对应的修正系数,分析发现排放的延误修正系数与延误存在线性关系,从而建立两种交叉类型不同停车次数下柴油公交车排放的延误修正模型。 最后,应用SPSS软件和行驶工况数据对所提出的排放延误修正模型分别进行显著性检验和有效性检验,结果表明基于延误的修正模型能够有效地估算柴油公交车在交叉口处的排放。
[Abstract]:Buses have the advantages of large capacity, high efficiency and less per capita emissions. Therefore, the development of bus system can not only alleviate urban traffic congestion, but also reduce pollution emissions and energy consumption. As we all know, vehicle emissions at intersections are higher and more densely populated than road sections. Although there are some researches on bus emission at intersections, few scholars have studied the mathematical model of the relationship between the commonly used evaluation indexes of traffic operation and the emission of buses at intersections. Therefore, this paper studies the relationship between common operation evaluation indexes and emission of buses at intersections. In this paper, based on a large number of measured emission data and driving condition data of diesel buses in Beijing, the relationship between delay and emission is analyzed, and a delay correction model of diesel bus emissions at intersections based on VSP distribution is established. First of all, the VSP Bin partition method is proposed, in which the, VSP Bin is Bin16. when the velocity and acceleration are zero, and the VSP Bin, is partitioned with lkw/t as the step size. Based on a large number of emission data measured by PEMS, the emission rates of different VSPBin of diesel buses are calculated, and a diesel bus emission prediction model based on VSP parameters is established. Then, according to the direction and type of the diesel bus at the intersection, the size of the intersection research area is determined. Finally, 2002 groups of diesel bus driving condition data are screened out based on the driving condition data collected by GPS. The data delay and VSP distribution of each group were calculated, and the VSP distribution of each delay was analyzed under different intersections (sub-subtype intersections and sub-branch intersections) and different stopping times (0 stops, 1 stop, 2 stops). It was found that the distribution of VSP was similar to that of normal distribution at 0 stop, the distribution rate of Bin0 was high, and the distribution rate of Bin16 was decreased gradually on both sides. The distribution rate of Bin16 was similar to that of VSP with 0. 1 and 2 stops, and the distribution rate of Bin16 was much higher than that of other Bin. And with the delay increased, but the growth rate gradually decreased. The VSP distribution of the two types of intersections is similar to the graph of delay, and the distribution rate of Bin16 is large, but the VSP distribution of sub-branch intersections is more concentrated in Bin0 than that of sub-branch intersections. Then, the emission factors corresponding to each set of data are calculated, and the basic emission factors of different intersection types are determined. Finally, the correction coefficients corresponding to each delay under different intersection types and different stopping times are calculated. It is found that there is a linear relationship between delay correction coefficient and delay, and a delay correction model of diesel bus emissions with two cross types and different stopping times is established. Finally, using SPSS software and driving condition data, the proposed emission delay correction model is tested for significance and validity, respectively. The results show that the modified model based on delay can effectively estimate the emissions of diesel buses at intersections.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491;X734.2
[Abstract]:Buses have the advantages of large capacity, high efficiency and less per capita emissions. Therefore, the development of bus system can not only alleviate urban traffic congestion, but also reduce pollution emissions and energy consumption. As we all know, vehicle emissions at intersections are higher and more densely populated than road sections. Although there are some researches on bus emission at intersections, few scholars have studied the mathematical model of the relationship between the commonly used evaluation indexes of traffic operation and the emission of buses at intersections. Therefore, this paper studies the relationship between common operation evaluation indexes and emission of buses at intersections. In this paper, based on a large number of measured emission data and driving condition data of diesel buses in Beijing, the relationship between delay and emission is analyzed, and a delay correction model of diesel bus emissions at intersections based on VSP distribution is established. First of all, the VSP Bin partition method is proposed, in which the, VSP Bin is Bin16. when the velocity and acceleration are zero, and the VSP Bin, is partitioned with lkw/t as the step size. Based on a large number of emission data measured by PEMS, the emission rates of different VSPBin of diesel buses are calculated, and a diesel bus emission prediction model based on VSP parameters is established. Then, according to the direction and type of the diesel bus at the intersection, the size of the intersection research area is determined. Finally, 2002 groups of diesel bus driving condition data are screened out based on the driving condition data collected by GPS. The data delay and VSP distribution of each group were calculated, and the VSP distribution of each delay was analyzed under different intersections (sub-subtype intersections and sub-branch intersections) and different stopping times (0 stops, 1 stop, 2 stops). It was found that the distribution of VSP was similar to that of normal distribution at 0 stop, the distribution rate of Bin0 was high, and the distribution rate of Bin16 was decreased gradually on both sides. The distribution rate of Bin16 was similar to that of VSP with 0. 1 and 2 stops, and the distribution rate of Bin16 was much higher than that of other Bin. And with the delay increased, but the growth rate gradually decreased. The VSP distribution of the two types of intersections is similar to the graph of delay, and the distribution rate of Bin16 is large, but the VSP distribution of sub-branch intersections is more concentrated in Bin0 than that of sub-branch intersections. Then, the emission factors corresponding to each set of data are calculated, and the basic emission factors of different intersection types are determined. Finally, the correction coefficients corresponding to each delay under different intersection types and different stopping times are calculated. It is found that there is a linear relationship between delay correction coefficient and delay, and a delay correction model of diesel bus emissions with two cross types and different stopping times is established. Finally, using SPSS software and driving condition data, the proposed emission delay correction model is tested for significance and validity, respectively. The results show that the modified model based on delay can effectively estimate the emissions of diesel buses at intersections.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491;X734.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李旭海;;北京市实际道路公交车颗粒物排放研究[J];北京汽车;2008年01期
2 林h，
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