客运枢纽换乘效率及流线组织方法研究

发布时间：2019-05-17 16:12

【摘要】：客运枢纽是综合交通运输体系的重要组成部分,客运枢纽的布局及运行直接关系到整个运输网络运行的效率与客运服务水平。因此,客运枢纽的设计方法与客流组织策略一直是交通运输行业工程实践与科学研究工作者关注的重要课题。随着我国社会经济发展水平的提高,城乡居民出行的需求规模及其对服务水平的要求不断提高,做好综合客运枢纽的规划、设计与运行组织不仅对提高枢纽的运行质量具有重要的现实意义,对深化相关运输组织理论、完善运输组织的技术方法也具有重要的学术价值。本文以客运枢纽换乘效率及客流组织方法为对象,根据我国交通运输实践中目前存在的问题,重点研究了客运枢纽的分类、换乘效率的内涵、效率分析方法以及客运枢纽内部换乘流线组织与优化方法等问题。论文的主要工作包括以下几个部分： (1)从规划运营层面,在深入分析客运枢纽运行过程的基本机理基础上,对客运枢纽的内涵进行了延展和补充。以现行的国家标准和行业规范为基础,分析了不同类型客运枢纽内设施、设备配置规模和数量,研究提出了客运枢纽的分类和定级方法。论文以北京南站和上海虹桥综合客运枢纽为例,阐述了客运枢纽的构成和具体运行过程,运用本文提出的方法对案例客运枢纽进行了类别分析与等级界定。 (2)以乘客在客运枢纽中的移动过程为对象,分析了部分枢纽换乘组织要素对乘客移动行为的影响机理,从乘客角度提出将乘客通过设施的时间和系统乘客密度作为枢纽运行效率的评价指标。论文将排队理论引入枢纽运行过程中的效率测算问题,将一条流线上的通道、楼梯等换乘设施抽象成多级多服务台排队系统,研究了枢纽换乘运行过程,建立了枢纽换乘效率的计算模型,并定量分析了不同因素对枢纽乘客换乘效率的影响程度。 (3)将客运枢纽内部面向乘客的各类服务设施作为节点,构建了客运枢纽换乘服务网络,探讨了考虑供需双方利益的客运枢纽内部换乘设施优化设置问题。在费用目标函数中,本文通过考虑乘客出行时间价值,将枢纽设施设置费用分为设施本身的购置与运行费用及运行过程中产生的乘客时间费用两部分,建立了枢纽内部换乘设施设置优化模型,为研究枢纽内部换乘设施设置总费用(包括乘客通过设施的时间费用和增设换乘设施的费用)最小化奠定了基础。在此基础上,论文选择相关案例进行了研究,构建了基于Anylogic的仿真分析模型,仿真结果验证了设施设置优化方案的有效性。 (4)建立了以枢纽乘客换乘“全过程流线”为对象的流线优化模型。全过程流线指从乘客下车到达或步行进入枢纽车站时起,到乘客上车或步行离开枢纽车站时止所产生的全部流动过程和流动线路。该流线可分为三大类：进出站流线、同方式换乘流线及跨方式换乘流线。论文从研究对象的交通特性、网络构成、抽象网络及乘客出行影响因素四个角度,分析了枢纽内乘客流量分配问题的特点。在此基础上,将枢纽网络抽象为节点与弧的拓扑结构；其中节点为枢纽内各项设施,如通道设施、安检设施等,根据乘客经过的各项设施的具体阻抗来确定设施权值；弧为枢纽站内的各项设施设备的连接点。论文研究建立了一体化的乘客流线优化模型,案例表明模型可优化枢纽内各类乘客流线,使得大型客运枢纽内部换乘流线的总费用最小。实际客运枢纽是一个复杂的社会经济系统,其中乘客行为、设施建设方案以及由枢纽功能决定的对外客流类别等都将可能显著增加流线优化的难度。本文关于客运枢纽的研究还有许多问题值得进一步深入与细化的后续研究。
[Abstract]:The passenger transport hub is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system, and the layout and operation of the passenger transport hub are directly related to the operation efficiency and the passenger service level of the whole transportation network. Therefore, the design method and the passenger flow organization strategy of the passenger transport hub have always been an important subject of the attention of the transportation industry engineering practice and the scientific research workers. With the improvement of the social and economic development level in our country, the demand scale of the urban and rural residents and the demand for the service level are constantly improved, and the planning, design and operation organization of the comprehensive passenger transport hub not only has important practical significance for improving the operation quality of the hub, It also has important academic value for deepening the theory of relevant transport organization and perfecting the technical method of the transportation organization. Based on the current problems in the transportation practice of the passenger transport hub, this paper focuses on the classification and transfer efficiency of the passenger transport hub according to the existing problems in the transportation practice in China. The Analysis of Culvert, Efficiency Analysis and the Interchangeable Flow-line Organization and Optimization Method in the Passenger Transport Hub The main work of the paper includes the following Part: (1) From the planning and operation level, on the basis of analyzing the basic mechanism of the operation process of the passenger transport hub, the connotation of the passenger transport hub is carried out Based on the current national standard and industry standard, the paper analyzes the scale and quantity of the facilities and equipment in different types of passenger transport hub, and puts forward the classification of the passenger transport hub. The paper, taking the integrated passenger transport hub of the south station of Beijing and the Hongqiao Shanghai Hongqiao as an example, expounds the structure and operation process of the passenger transport hub, and uses the method proposed in this paper to analyze the case passenger transport hub. (2) Based on the movement of passengers in the passenger transport hub, the mechanism of the influence of some of the transfer organization elements on the movement behavior of the passengers is analyzed, and the time and the system passenger density of the passenger to pass through the facility are presented as the hub operation from the passenger's point of view. The evaluation index of efficiency is introduced. The paper introduces the queuing theory into the efficiency measurement in the process of hub operation, and abstracts the transfer facilities such as channels and stairs on a streamline into the multi-level multi-service desk queuing system, and studies the transfer operation process of the hub and establishes the hub transfer. The calculation model of efficiency is analyzed, and the transfer of different factors to the hub passenger is analyzed quantitatively. (3) The passenger-oriented service facilities in the passenger transport hub are used as the nodes, and the transfer service network of the passenger transport hub is constructed, and the internal change of the passenger transport hub taking into account the interests of the two sides of the supply and demand is discussed. In that cost objective function, by considering the travel time value of the passenger, the cost of the hub facility is divided into two parts of the purchase and operation cost of the facility and the time cost of the passenger generated in the operation process, and the internal exchange of the hub is established. Set up the optimization model by means of the facility to set the total cost of the transfer facilities in the hub (including the time cost of passing the passengers through the facilities and the cost of the additional transfer facilities Based on this, the paper chooses the relevant cases to study, and constructs the simulation analysis model based on Anylogic, and the simulation results verify the establishment of the facility. Set up the effectiveness of the optimization scheme. (4) Establish the "when process flow line" The flow line optimization model for the object. The whole process flow is from the time the passenger gets out of the vehicle or walks into the hub station, and stops when the passenger gets in the car or walks away from the hub station All flow processes and flow lines. The flow line can be divided into three main categories: in-out and out-of-station flow lines, in the same way In this paper, the traffic characteristics, the network configuration, the abstract network and the passenger's travel influence factors are analyzed in the paper from four aspects: the traffic characteristics, the network structure, the abstract network and the passenger's travel influence factors. The characteristic of the problem of passenger flow distribution. On this basis, the hub network is abstracted as the topological structure of the node and the arc, and the nodes are all the facilities in the hub, such as channel facilities, security inspection facilities, etc., according to the various facilities passed by the passengers The specific impedance is used to determine the weight of the facility; the arc is within the hub station. The paper studies and establishes the integrated passenger flow line optimization model, and the case shows that the model can optimize the various passenger flow lines in the hub, so that the large-scale passenger transport hub The total cost of the part transfer streamline is the smallest. The actual passenger transport hub is a complex social and economic system, in which the passenger behavior, the facility construction scheme and the foreign passenger flow category determined by the hub function will be the same. It is possible to significantly increase the difficulty of streamline optimization. In this paper, there are many problems in the study of the passenger transport hu
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U115

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