沟槽型织构表面影响界面摩擦振动噪声的机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:15

本文选题：沟槽 + 表面织构　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摩擦振动噪声严重影响各种摩擦系统的精度、可靠性以及正常使用,并导致严重的噪声污染。摩擦界面特征是影响摩擦噪声的关键因素,目前界面特征与摩擦噪声关系的研究主要集中在考察摩擦界面形貌因素(粗糙度、微凸体、磨屑等)对摩擦噪声的影响。近年来的研究表明,表面织构可以有效地改善界面的摩擦学性能。然而,目前国内外关于表面织构如何影响摩擦噪声的研究极少报道。因此,开展表面织构对摩擦振动噪声特性影响的研究并揭示其作用机理具有很好的创新性,并对控制摩擦噪声的表面设计具有重要指导意义。本文在列车制动盘蠕墨铸铁材料表面上制备出不同尺寸的沟槽型织构表面,将其和光滑表面进行摩擦噪声对比试验,并利用有限元软件ABAQUS对试验进行数值模拟分析,研究并探讨了沟槽型织构表面对界面摩擦振动噪声的影响及其机理。主要结论如下： 1、试验结果表明,当摩擦系统发生自激振动时,摩擦力和振动加速度信号均产生强烈的高频波动,系统产生尖叫噪声。本研究条件下沟槽型织构表面对界面摩擦振动噪声具有重要影响,特定尺寸(T-500-250)的沟槽型织构表面对摩擦尖叫噪声的产生具有明显的抑制作用。 2、三种表面在试验初期均没有产生明显的尖叫噪声,T-500-125和T-500-250两种织构表面在半个周期内的摩擦力信号存在8次波动,其数目与滑动位移内对磨球所经过的沟槽数目相对应。在稳定阶段,T-500-125织构表面产生明显的尖叫噪声,其沟槽棱边磨损严重,摩擦力信号的波动消失,而T-500-250织构表面在整个试验过程中均无尖叫噪声产生,其沟槽棱边则相对保存的较为完整,摩擦力信号仍可观察到8次明显的波动。因此可以推测,沟槽的存在是导致摩擦力产生这种波动的主要原因,其对抑制摩擦尖叫噪声的产生起到了关键作用,即对磨球与沟槽棱边的撞击有效的打断了摩擦界面连续的接触,扰乱摩擦系统的自激振动,进而抑制了尖叫噪声的产生。 3、利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对球—平面、球一沟槽以及球-倒圆角沟槽这三类不同接触状态下的摩擦系统的动力学行为进行分析,在复特征值分析对模型可靠性验证的基础上,利用瞬态动力学分析方法很好地模拟出对磨球滑过沟槽时系统的动力学行为,验证了试验现象并揭示了沟槽型织构表面对界面摩擦振动噪声的作用机理,即：当对磨球滑过沟槽表面时,沟槽与对磨球将产生撞击,并打断了摩擦界面的连续接触,导致摩擦信号产生波动,这种波动扰乱摩擦系统的自激振动,抑制摩擦振动高频成分的产生,从而抑制了尖叫噪声的产生。 4、建立一个三自由度的数学模型模拟对磨球与沟槽相对滑动时摩擦系统的动力学特性,研究了接触倾角对摩擦系统稳定性的影响,得出沟槽和对磨球之间的接触倾角的大小对摩擦系统的稳定性有重要的影响,当接触倾角较小时,摩擦系统不会发生不稳定振动。证实了本研究中由于接触倾角非常小(对磨球的直径远大于沟槽宽度),对磨球与沟槽棱边的撞击不会导致摩擦系统发生强烈的不稳定振动,相反的,这种撞击将打断摩擦系统的自激振动,并抑制了尖叫噪声的产生。 5、利用ABAQUS瞬态动力学分析研究当摩擦系统产生摩擦振动噪声时的界面特性,得出摩擦系统在发生强烈自激振动时从面节点与主面在相对运动的过程中具有粘着—滑动—分离—粘着的特性,而不是始终保持接触的。此外,基于球—光滑表面相对滑动状态,建立一个二自由度的数学模型模来研究界面接触刚度对摩擦系统稳定性的影响,得出界面接触刚度对摩擦系统的稳定性有重要影响,切向接触刚度与法向接触刚度比值越大,系统产生不稳定振动及摩擦尖叫噪声的倾向越大。
[Abstract]:Friction vibration noise affects the accuracy , reliability and normal use of various friction systems and leads to severe noise pollution . The characteristics of friction interface are the key factors that influence the friction noise . The research on the relationship between interface feature and frictional noise is mainly focused on the study of the influence of surface texture on friction noise .

In this paper , a groove - type textured surface with different sizes is prepared on the surface of the graphite cast iron material of the brake disc of the train , and the friction noise contrast test is carried out on the surface of the smooth surface , and the influence and the mechanism of the groove - type texture surface on the interface friction vibration noise are studied and discussed .

1 . The experimental results show that when self - excited vibration occurs in the friction system , the frictional force and the vibration acceleration signal generate strong high - frequency fluctuation , and the system generates a screech noise . Under the condition of this study , the groove - type texture surface has an important influence on the interface friction vibration noise , and the groove - type texture surface of the specific size ( T - 500 - 250 ) has obvious inhibition effect on the generation of the frictional screaming noise .

2 . There are no significant squeal noises at the beginning of the experiment . The friction signal of T - 500 - 125 and T - 500 - 250 has 8 fluctuation in the half - cycle , and the number of the groove edges of T - 500 - 125 is corresponding to the number of grooves in the sliding displacement .

3 . The dynamic behavior of the friction system in three different contact states of ball - plane , ball - groove and ball - round groove is analyzed by finite element analysis software . The dynamic behavior of the system is simulated by transient dynamic analysis method .

4 . A three - degree - of - freedom mathematical model is established to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the friction system during the relative sliding of the grinding ball and the groove . The influence of the contact angle on the stability of the friction system is studied . When the contact angle is small ( the diameter of the ball is much larger than the groove width ) , the impact on the grinding ball and the groove edge does not cause a strong unstable vibration of the friction system .

Based on the relative sliding state of spherical - smooth surface , a mathematical model of two degrees of freedom is established to study the influence of interface contact stiffness on the stability of friction system .

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB53;TH117

【参考文献】