控缓释氮肥的研制及应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 00:11

本文选题：氯化铵　切入点：尿素　出处：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类对环境和健康的日益关注,在确保粮食产量的基础上,提高氮肥利用率,降低化肥的用量及施用次数,减少对人类健康和环境的不良影响,是农业肥料创新的重要任务。本论文主要研究两种控缓释氮肥,旨在提高氮肥利用率、改善农产品的品质以及减少对环境的不利影响。第一章通过盘式造粒机在实验室规模下研究氯化铵肥料的颗粒化。通过使用聚氯化铝作为固体粘合剂和尿素作为造粒添加剂,使氯化铵的造粒程度显著改善。通过聚合物氯化铝水解产生的高电荷阳离子可以减少氯化铵的静电作用力,导致有效的颗粒聚集。分析聚铝和氯化铵颗粒的表面结构和特性表明它们的相互反应导致聚集核的形成。此外,聚铝含有大量的活性基团,可形成颗粒-聚合物-颗粒复合物,并促进颗粒的生长。同时,尿素和氯化铵可以彼此反应形成稳定的包合物也对氯化铵的成粒具有显著的影响。第二章以价格便宜、用量广泛、环境友好的腐植酸为包膜材料,将腐植酸活化后,尿素为肥料的内核,制备一种包膜控释氮肥。通过实验确定出包膜的适宜条件,该工艺操作方便、简单,原料丰富且成本低。在包膜时,尿素和腐植酸之间通过复杂的化学反应和物理吸附,使包膜层厚薄均一、光滑且紧实,颗粒硬度增大。另外腐植酸施用不但能使土壤得到相应的改良,刺激植物根系的生长,同时也是良好的脲酶抑制剂,能够在作物生长周期之前抑制尿素水解,提高尿素氮素利用率,降低氮营养耗损。第三章将不同类型的氮肥应用于草坪,随机选择草坪地,在施用相同氮含量的情况下,研究不同控缓释肥以及速效肥对草坪草生长和草坪品质的影响。试验表明,尿素和氯化铵能很快的改善草坪的颜色,而控释氮肥可以延长氮的释放期,持久的改善草坪颜色效果,使草坪生长快且均匀,改善草坪的整体质量。证明本文所研究的两种氮肥具有一定缓释效果,更有利于保持草坪草组织氮含量的相对稳定,降低草坪养护管理的费用,同时更有利于保护环境。
[Abstract]:With the increasing concern of human beings for the environment and health, on the basis of ensuring grain yield, increasing the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reducing the amount and frequency of chemical fertilizers, and reducing the adverse effects on human health and the environment, It is an important task of agricultural fertilizer innovation. In this paper, two kinds of controlled slow release nitrogen fertilizer were studied in order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Improving the quality of agricultural products and reducing the adverse effects on the environment. Chapter I studies the granulation of ammonium chloride fertilizers on a laboratory scale through a disk granulator. By using polyaluminium chloride as solid adhesives and urea as granulation additives, The highly charged cations produced by the hydrolysis of polymer aluminum chloride can reduce the electrostatic force of ammonium chloride. Analysis of the surface structure and properties of polyaluminum and ammonium chloride particles shows that their interaction leads to the formation of aggregating nuclei. In addition, polyaluminum contains a large number of active groups, which can form particle polymer-particle complexes. At the same time, urea and ammonium chloride can react with each other to form a stable inclusion compound, which also has a significant effect on the granulation of ammonium chloride. A kind of coated controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was prepared by activating humic acid and urea as the core of fertilizer. The suitable conditions of coating film were determined by experiments. The process is easy to operate, simple, rich in raw materials and low in cost. Through the complex chemical reaction and physical adsorption between urea and humic acid, the coating layer is uniform, smooth and compact, and the hardness of particles increases. In addition, the application of humic acid can not only improve the soil, but also stimulate the growth of plant root system. It is also a good urease inhibitor, which can inhibit the hydrolysis of urea, increase the utilization rate of urea nitrogen, and reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrition before the crop growth cycle. In chapter 3, different types of nitrogen fertilizer are applied to the lawn, and the lawn field is selected randomly. The effects of controlled slow release fertilizer and available fertilizer on the growth and quality of turf grass were studied under the same nitrogen content. The results showed that urea and ammonium chloride could improve the color of lawn quickly. The controlled release nitrogen fertilizer can prolong the release period of nitrogen, improve the color effect of lawn, make the lawn grow fast and even, and improve the overall quality of lawn. It is proved that the two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer studied in this paper have certain slow-release effect. It is more beneficial to maintain the relative stability of nitrogen content in turf tissue, reduce the cost of turf maintenance and management, and protect the environment at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ449.1

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