西南黄壤性水稻土长期不同施肥模式下作物产量及氮肥利用率演变特征

发布时间：2018-03-16 23:16

本文选题：黄壤性水稻土　切入点：长期施肥　出处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了解西南黄壤性水稻土长期施肥效应,通过连续19年长期定位试验,分析了西南黄壤性水稻土单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、1/2有机肥和1/2化肥配施(0.5MNPK)、全量有机肥和全量化肥配施(MNPK)4种施肥模式对作物产量、氮肥利用率的影响及变化特征。结果表明:长期施用化肥或有机肥可显著增加作物产量,NPK、M、0.5MNPK、MNPK比CK分别显著增产56.2%、57.8%、65.0%、74.0%;各施肥处理氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)、氮肥内部利用率(IE_N)、氮肥回收利用率(RE_N)、氮肥累积利用率(ARE_N)分别为10.9~20.7kg·kg~(-1)、44.7~53.8 kg·kg~(-1)、13.6%~19.6%、12.0%~16.9%,均以0.5MNPK最高,MNPK最低,高量氮肥施用导致氮肥利用率较低;长期单施化肥处理氮肥利用率随时间保持持平或呈下降趋势,施用有机肥的各处理氮肥利用率随时间呈显著上升趋势,尤其是氮肥累积利用率呈极显著上升趋势。长期施用有机肥尤其是有机无机配施作物产量稳定且氮肥利用率稳步提高。因此,常年高量施氮的黄壤性水稻土可适量减少氮肥用量,相应的进行有机无机肥料的合理配施是提高作物产量和肥料利用率的有效措施。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of long-term fertilization on paddy soils of yellow soil in southwest China, a long-term localizing experiment was conducted for 19 years in a row. In this paper, the effects of four fertilization modes on crop yield in yellow soil of southwest China, I. e., NPK, 1 / 2 organic fertilizer and 1/2 chemical fertilizer combined with 0.5 MNPK, total organic fertilizer and total chemical fertilizer combined with MNPK, were analyzed. The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer could significantly increase crop yield (P < 0.05). The yield of NPK was significantly higher than that of CK by 56.2% and 65.0% than CK, respectively, and the nitrogen fertilizer productivity was higher than that of PFPN, the internal utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was IENN, and the yield of nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of CK, and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer utilization was 74.0% and 74.0%, respectively, and the results showed that the yield of NPK was significantly higher than that of CK, and that of nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than that of CK (P < 0.05). The cumulative utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 10.9 ~ 20.7kg 路kg / kg / kg / kg / kg respectively. The average value of recovery utilization ratio was 53.8 kg / kg / kg / kg ~ (-1) and 13.6kg 路kg ~ (-1) respectively. The highest value of 0.5 MNPK was the highest value of MNPK, and the lowest was that of 16.9mg / kg of 16.9mg / kg ~ (-1) ~ 12.6kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1). The application of high amount of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of each organic fertilizer treatment maintained the same or decreased with time, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of each organic fertilizer treatment increased significantly with time, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the organic fertilizer treatment increased significantly with the application of organic fertilizer. In particular, the cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly. The yield of organic fertilizer, especially organic and inorganic fertilizer, was stable and the nitrogen use efficiency was increasing steadily. It is an effective measure to increase crop yield and fertilizer utilization rate by applying appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in yellow soil paddy soil with high nitrogen application rate and reasonable application of organic inorganic fertilizer.
【作者单位】：贵州省土壤肥料研究所;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;贵州省农业科学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项:黔农科院自主创新专项(2014007号) 贵州省科技计划项目:黔科平台[2013]4002号贵州省科技厅省院联合基金项目:黔科合LH字[2015]7079号
【分类号】：S147

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