天然橡胶胶清液资源化利用研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:21

本文选题：胶清 + 胶清基液肥　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为林产资源的天然橡胶胶乳可通过离心分离成浓缩胶乳和胶清两个部分,但现行的加工中胶清部分被当作废水排放了,处理这部分废水不仅增加了加工费用,还可能造成严重的环境污染。本研究利用现行的浓缩胶乳加工方式,将离心分离得到的胶清分别收集后用作农业水肥资源,并对其进行肥效实验研究,探究胶清基液肥对作物生长与品质、土壤性质的施用效果,同时胶清液也为液体肥料资源提供实验依据。本研究主要获得以下结果:1.胶清液对作物生长与品质具有良好的促进作用,并可加工成胶清基液肥。(1)作物幼苗期的生长发育:胶清基液肥T和F在合适的浓度对小白菜和生菜有积极促进作用,但浓度过高会对种子产生一定的负面影响。其中以Tsoo和F500浓度下,小白菜和生菜的发芽率和发芽指数最高,效果最佳;当浓度为T100和F500时,小白菜和生菜的根长与茎长的促进作用最明显;(2)作物品质方面:在盆栽实验中施加不同的胶清基液肥均可不同程度提高作物营养品质。当浓度为T100时,对小白菜和生菜叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、单株鲜重的促进作用均优于其他浓度处理以及清水组,促进效果最佳;当浓度为F100时,小白菜中叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、单株鲜重以及干样中氮、磷、钾含量分别优于清水组和其他浓度,促进作用最为明显;当浓度为F300倍时,对生菜中叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和维生素C含量的促进效果最佳;2.胶清液对土壤性质具有良好的改良作用,并可加工成胶清基土壤改良剂。施加胶清基液肥后与清水相比,从整体上看,有效提高了土壤的氮磷钾和有机质含量以及三种速效养分含量,土壤PH值基本趋于7.0,土壤呈弱酸性或中性;施加胶清基液肥T和F后,可提高土壤微生物群落多样性和丰度,可提高土壤中优势菌的微生物活性,且胶清液肥F的土壤样品丰度和多样性略大于施加胶清液肥T的土壤样品。其中优势菌假单胞菌科和芽孢杆菌为土壤有益菌,有改善植物微环境,促进植物生长的作用;丛毛单菌科以及红球菌属可降解污染物,改善土壤环境。施加胶清基液肥T后,特征菌沙雷氏菌有利于提高土壤有效磷和全磷含量。施加胶清基液肥F后,土壤中酸杆菌科对降解土壤中的污染物有一定的促进作用。3.胶清液的综合利用可实现天然橡胶胶乳资源的全利用,提高加工企业的经济效益,实现经济效益与环境效益双赢。推荐的天然胶乳资源全利用的加工方法:建议使用添加3%尿素后的胶清液作为胶清基液肥,并在稀释适当倍数后用于直接灌溉作物。此种加工方式也可从源头上避免天然橡胶加工带来的环境污染与资源浪费问题,这对于天然橡胶林产业发展有着极其重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The natural rubber latex, which is a forest resource, can be separated into two parts by centrifugation. However, in the current processing, the rubber latex is discharged as a waste water, and the treatment of the waste water not only increases the processing cost.It can also cause serious environmental pollution.In this study, we used the present concentrated latex processing method to collect and use the colloid obtained from centrifugal separation as agricultural water and fertilizer resources, and to investigate the effects of liquid fertilizer on the growth and quality of crops.At the same time, the application effect of soil properties and the gel solution also provided experimental basis for the liquid fertilizer resources.In this study, the following results were obtained: 1: 1.Gelatinized liquid has a good promoting effect on crop growth and quality, and can be processed into gelatin-based liquid fertilizer. 1) the growth and development of the crop at seedling stage: at the appropriate concentration, T and F can positively promote pakchoi and lettuce.However, excessive concentration will have a certain negative effect on seeds.Under the concentration of Tsoo and F500, the germination rate and germination index of pakchoi and lettuce were the highest, and the effect was the best when the concentration of T100 and F500 was T100 and F500, respectively.The promotion of root length and stem length of pakchoi and lettuce was the most obvious.When the concentration of T100, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and fresh weight per plant of pakchoi and lettuce were better than those of other concentration treatment and clear water group.When the concentration was F100, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content, fresh weight per plant, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in dry sample were better than those in clear water group and other concentrations, respectively.When the concentration of F was 300 times, the effect of chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content in lettuce was the best.The gel solution has a good effect on improving the soil properties and can be processed as a soil modifier.Compared with clear water, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter and three kinds of available nutrients were increased effectively. The pH value of soil tended to be 7.0, and the soil was weak acid or neutral.The diversity and abundance of soil microbial community and the microbial activity of dominant bacteria in soil could be improved by applying glue base liquid fertilizer T and F.The abundance and diversity of soil samples of liquid fertilizer F were slightly higher than that of soil samples treated with liquid fertilizer T.The dominant bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus, are beneficial bacteria for soil, which can improve plant microenvironment and promote plant growth, and can degrade pollutants and improve soil environment.After the application of colloidal liquid fertilizer T, the characteristic bacterium Shareh's bacteria was beneficial to increase the available phosphorus and total phosphorus content in soil.After the application of colloidal liquid fertilizer F, the acidobacteriaceae in soil can promote the degradation of pollutants in soil.The comprehensive utilization of rubber clear liquid can realize the full utilization of natural rubber latex resources, improve the economic benefits of processing enterprises, and realize the win-win of economic and environmental benefits.Recommended processing methods for the full utilization of natural latex resources: it is recommended to use the gelatinized liquid after adding 3% urea as the gelatinized liquid fertilizer and to use it for direct irrigation of crops after diluting the appropriate multiple.This processing method can also avoid the environmental pollution and waste of resources caused by natural rubber processing, which is of great significance to the development of natural rubber forest industry.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ449.6;S14

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