磷矿采空区恢复林地土壤养分——以云南昆阳磷矿为实例研究

发布时间：2019-04-26 19:40

【摘要】：矿山开采引起了矿区生态环境恶化,进行植被恢复是解决矿区生态破坏问题的有效措施。采用野外调查和室内分析相结合,对昆阳磷矿采空区人工恢复林地的土壤养分进行研究。结果表明:恢复林地的土壤呈酸性;10龄及以下的恢复林地间土壤养分含量无显著差异,10龄及以下的恢复林地与25龄恢复林地间差异则达显著水平;25龄以上的林地土壤有机质含量接近原生林水平;与桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)纯林比,旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)-柏树(Cupressus spp.)混交林能更有效地促进氮素积累;自然状态下,土壤磷素和全钾含量随恢复年限的延长逐渐增加;土壤有机质与水解氮、全氮间呈极显著正相关;土壤水解氮与全氮、有效磷与全磷间表现为极显著正相关。总体上,植被恢复区土壤有机质普遍偏低,氮素普遍缺乏,磷素水平较高,钾素含量适中。从而为建立科学的矿区植被恢复模式提供参考。
[Abstract]:Mining causes the deterioration of ecological environment in mining area. Vegetation restoration is an effective measure to solve the problem of ecological damage in mining area. Field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to study the soil nutrient of artificial restoration of forest land in mined-out area of Kunyang phosphate mine. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil nutrient content between 10-year-old and 25-year-old restoration forest land, but there was no significant difference in soil nutrient content between 10-year-old restoration forest land and 25-year-old restoration forest land. The content of soil organic matter in forest land over 25 years of age was close to the level of primary forest; compared with (Eucalyptus spp.) of eucalyptus. Pure forest ratio, (Alnus nepalensis)-cypress (Cupressus spp.) Under the natural condition, the contents of soil phosphorus and total potassium increased gradually with the prolongation of the restoration years, the soil organic matter was positively correlated with hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen, and there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen. There was a significant positive correlation between soil hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen, and between available phosphorus and total phosphorus. On the whole, soil organic matter was low, nitrogen was deficient, phosphorus level was high and potassium content was moderate in vegetation restoration area. In order to provide a reference for the establishment of scientific mining area vegetation restoration model.
【作者单位】：西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：云南省应用基础研究项目“昆明市人工林森林健康标准与经营模式优化研究”(S2012FZ0557)资助
【分类号】：S714.8

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